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Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method. Virulence and drug resistance genes were detected by multiplex PCR assays. All\n                    <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    O1 strains were sensitive to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin while resistant to one or more antibiotics used. About 90% of the isolates of\n                    <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    O1 carried antibiotic drug resistant genes (\n                    <jats:italic>SulII<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>dfrA1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>strB<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and SXT elements and the results correlated with the phenotypic antibiotic data obtained through disc diffusion assay. The\n                    <jats:italic>tcpA<\/jats:italic>\n                    Haitian variant\n                    <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    O1 first appeared in 1999, gradually showing its increasing number upto 2019. TcpA El Tor strains only prevailed from 1995 to 2006; whereas the\n                    <jats:italic>tcpA<\/jats:italic>\n                    classical strains of\n                    <jats:italic>V.cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    O1 were found in less number from 1995 to 2016. Two multiplex PCR assays confirmed the presence of various toxigenic and virulence genes (\n                    <jats:italic>toxR<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ompU<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ace<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>rtxC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ctxA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>tcpA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>rfbO1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ompW<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in all isolate of\n                    <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    O1 strains. The present findings demonstrated the origin and spread of Haitian variants\n                    <jats:italic>tcpA<\/jats:italic>\n                    in\n                    <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    O1 strains over two and half decades.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.12940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T01:25:05Z","timestamp":1614821105000},"page":"355-363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Dissemination of\n                    <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>\n                    O1 isolated from Odisha, India"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9639-8820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashish Kumar","family":"Nayak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Division ICMR\u2010Regional Medical Research Centre  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