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Spaceflight conditions include exposure to ionizing radiation, microgravity, spacecraft vibrations and hypervelocity; all of which can affect the viability of biological organisms. Previous studies have shown that melanin\u2010producing fungi are capable of surviving the vacuum of space and Mars\u2010simulated conditions in Low Earth Orbit. This survival has been associated in part with the protective effects of melanin, but a comparison of fungal viability in the presence or absence of melanin following spaceflight has never been tested. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of melanin by comparing the viability of melanized and non\u2010melanized clones of\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    yeasts following a roundtrip to the International Space Station. Yeast colonies were placed inside two MixStix silicone tubes; one stayed on Earth and the other was transported inside for 29\u2009days before returning to Earth. Post\u2010flight analysis based on colony\u2010forming unit numbers shows that melanized yeast viability was 50% higher than non\u2010melanized yeasts, while no difference was observed between the Earth\u2010bound control samples. The results suggest that fungal melanin could increase the lifespan of biological assets in space.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.13078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T05:00:20Z","timestamp":1658206820000},"page":"679-685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Melanin protects\n                    <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i>\n                    from spaceflight effects"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3026-7094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radames J. 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