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Soil columns were homogeneously packed with loamy sand soils (Lewiston and Greenson series) and sandy loam soils (Sparta and Gilford series), and subject to hydrologic conditions characterized by the absence and presence of an anionic surfactant\u2014Aerosol 22 in the artificial rainfall. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was utilized for the detection and enumeration of oocysts in soil leachates to evaluate their breakthrough and in soil matrices to examine their spatial distribution. Differences in the rate and extent of transport of oocysts were observed as a function of physical and chemical parameters tested. The breakthrough of oocysts was observed for all the soils irrespective of the presence of surfactant. However, in the absence of surfactant, the predominant fate of oocysts in soils subject to simulated rainfall was their retention in the soil profile. The presence of surfactant induced a change in the fate of oocysts in these soils exposed to rainfall simulation as the predominant fate of oocysts was found to be in the soil leachates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.13204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T23:29:26Z","timestamp":1695425366000},"page":"597-613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Detection, fate and transport of the biohazardous agent\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    in soil water systems: Influence of soil physicochemical properties, water chemistry and surfactant"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Erin N.","family":"Kinsey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences Clemson 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