{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:19:07Z","timestamp":1788913147261,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]],"date-time":"2024-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013041","name":"Vice-Chancellor for Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["26387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26387"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013041","name":"Vice-Chancellor for Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["26828"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26828"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environ Microbiol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The global landscape of\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections has seen a significant shift. Previously,\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the predominant species. However, there has been an emergence of non\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>albicans Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, which are often less susceptible to antifungal treatment.\n                    <jats:italic>Candida kefyr<\/jats:italic>\n                    , in particular, has been increasingly associated with infections. This study aimed to investigate the profiles of enzymatic activity and biofilm formation in both clinical and non\u2010clinical isolates of\n                    <jats:italic>C. kefyr<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A total of 66\n                    <jats:italic>C. kefyr<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were analysed. The activities of proteinase and phospholipase were assessed using bovine serum albumin and egg yolk agar, respectively. Haemolysin, caseinolytic and esterase activities were evaluated using specific methods. Biofilm formation was investigated using crystal violet staining. The findings indicated that biofilm and proteinase activity were detected in 81.8% and 93.9% of all the isolates, respectively. Haemolysin activity was observed with the highest occurrence (95.5%) among normal microbiota isolates. Esterase activity was predominantly identified in dairy samples and was absent in hospital samples. Caseinase production was found with the highest occurrence (18.2%) in normal microbiota and hospital samples. Phospholipase activity was limited, found in only 3% of all the isolates. These findings reveal variations in enzyme activity between clinical and non\u2010clinical\n                    <jats:italic>C. kefyr<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates. This sheds light on their pathogenic potential and has implications for therapeutic strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.13282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]],"date-time":"2024-06-23T18:37:50Z","timestamp":1719167870000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparative analysis of enzymatic profiles and biofilm formation in clinical and environmental\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Candida kefyr<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    isolates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hasti","family":"Nouraei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Zare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Nemati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Amirzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Motamedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz 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Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz 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isolated from pregnant women with vulvovaginitis","volume":"8","author":"Emam S.M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of American Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.7.2961-2967.2003"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","article-title":"An unusual case of Candida kefyr fungemia in an immunocompromised patient","volume":"13","author":"Jyothi 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