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While non\u2010O1\/non\u2010O139 serogroups typically do not produce cholera toxin, they have the potential to cause diarrhoea. These strains may act as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance in rivers, lakes and oceans. Understanding their genetic resistance and virulence can shed light on their role in spreading antimicrobial resistance and their pathogenicity. In this study, we characterised 60\u2009\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    non\u2010O1\/non\u2010O139 strains from 16 freshwater bodies located throughout the Province of C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina. We found none of the strains carried cholera toxin and identified ampicillin resistance as the most prevalent phenotype. Whole genome sequencing revealed that all ampicillin\u2010resistant strains (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910) carried CARB \u03b2\u2010lactamases, leading to the identification of new CARB variants (CARB\u201059 to CARB\u201062) likely associated with the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    superintegron. Two strains were notably related and exhibited enhanced virulence due to an unusual genetic arrangement of the VPI\u20101 pathogenicity island, encoding both the toxin co\u2010regulated pilus and a type VI secretion system cluster subclass i5, commonly found in non\u2010cholera\n                    <jats:italic>Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                    species. These findings provide significant insights into the genetic diversity and virulent potential of ampicillin\u2010resistant environmental\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    non\u2010O1\/non\u2010O139 and enhance our understanding of the evolution of CARB \u03b2\u2010lactamases within the species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.70181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T22:39:11Z","timestamp":1758839951000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genomic Analysis and Virulence Features of\n                    <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>\n                    Non\u2010\n                    <scp>O1<\/scp>\n                    \/Non\u2010\n                    <scp>O139<\/scp>\n                    Harbouring\n                    <scp>CARB<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Type \u03b2\u2010Lactamases From Freshwater Bodies, Argentina"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Daiana","family":"Guevara N\u00fa\u00f1ez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, F\u00edsica de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energ\u00eda (IQUIBICEN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires  Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrizzio N.","family":"Morandini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba  C\u00f3rdoba Provincia de C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geehan","family":"Suleyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry Ford Health System  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Crooker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry Ford Health System  Detroit Michigan USA"},{"name":"Global Health Initiative Henry Ford Health System  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jagjeet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry Ford Health System  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gina","family":"Maki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry Ford Health System  Detroit Michigan USA"},{"name":"Global Health Initiative Henry Ford Health System  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Bocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba  C\u00f3rdoba Provincia de C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dar\u00edo","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez Do Porto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, F\u00edsica de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energ\u00eda (IQUIBICEN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires  Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus J.","family":"Zervos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry Ford Health System  Detroit Michigan USA"},{"name":"Global Health Initiative Henry Ford Health System  Detroit Michigan USA"},{"name":"Wayne State University  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Sola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba  C\u00f3rdoba Provincia de C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8754-7337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. 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