{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:42:54Z","timestamp":1791920574694,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environ Microbiol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Human lice are obligate bloodsucking ectoparasites harbouring endosymbiotic bacteria essential for their survival. Despite the medical significance of human lice, their endosymbionts remain understudied, and knowledge about their species identity, prevalence and genetic diversity is largely limited. Head, body and pubic louse specimens' collection from infested patients of various origins between 2019 and 2023 enabled molecular screening for distribution and genetic diversity of bacterial endosymbionts through conventional PCR targeting two fragments of 16S\u2010rRNA. A total of 209 louse specimens isolated from infested patients, including 186 head lice, 11 body lice and 12 pubic lice were examined with 77.5%, 41.7% and 94.3% of the specimens found to be infested with\n                    <jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Riesia pediculicola,\n                    <jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Riesia pthiripubis and\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    respectively. Inferred phylogenetic analysis of\n                    <jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Riesia and\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequences revealed heterogeneity clustering into four and three clades respectively. No specific correlation was observed between these endosymbionts and lice ecological forms or geographical origin demonstrating that head, body and pubic lice share the same\n                    <jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Riesia and\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains with independent adaptation and co\u2010evolution, except\n                    <jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Riesia pthiripubis which was identified exclusively in pubic lice. These phylogenetic results were aligned by network analysis. These findings could be helpful in evolutionary and biological control investigations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.70243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T07:00:50Z","timestamp":1767942050000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Detection and Genetic Diversity of Heritable Bacterial Symbionts in Human Lice Based on\n                    <scp>16S<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>rRNA<\/scp>\n                    Gene"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Anthony","family":"Marteau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology\u2010Mycology Department Avicenne Hospital, AP\u2010HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University  Bobigny France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6392-5225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Brun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology\u2010Mycology Department Avicenne Hospital, AP\u2010HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University  Bobigny France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arezki","family":"Izri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology\u2010Mycology Department Avicenne Hospital, AP\u2010HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University  Bobigny France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4672-9836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Akhoundi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology\u2010Mycology Department Avicenne Hospital, AP\u2010HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University  Bobigny France"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus \u00c9mergents (UVE: Aix\u2010Marseille Univ, Universit\u00e0 di Corsica)  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/19-132"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-78292-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng986"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004969"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01877-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00474"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2017.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03778.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00731-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.114.012567"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx117"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msae064"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03782.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/7140.2006.00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0292229"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)09458-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-006-0309-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13881"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12982"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5479\/si.00963801.68-2620.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","first-page":"143","volume-title":"A Manual of External Parasites","author":"Ewing H. 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