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A total of 167 freshly voided faecal samples were collected from migratory birds during the winters of 2023 and 2024. Isolation and identification of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    were performed using standard cultural and molecular techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed against 19 antibiotics, followed by the detection of resistance genes. Overall, the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    detection rate was 68.62% and 46.15% in 2023 and 2024, respectively. Multiple diarrheagenic\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    pathotypes (ETEC, EAEC, EHEC, EPEC and EIEC) were identified, where the isolates from 2023 showed greater diversity. Most of the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    isolates were identified as MDR, with MDR patterns being more frequent in 2024. Resistance genes associated with tetracycline, \u03b2\u2010lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics, where\n                    <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    B,\n                    <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    O,\n                    <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    C,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                    were more prevalent than the rest of the genes. Our findings indicate that migratory birds are potential mobile reservoirs and disseminators of MDR\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    within the wetland ecosystems, warranting coordinated and sustained One Health surveillance across environmental, wildlife and public health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.70344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T22:49:01Z","timestamp":1776034141000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Migratory Birds Facilitate the Spread of Multidrug\u2010Resistant Pathogenic\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    in Tanguar Haor of 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