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Accurate quantification of indoor fungal bioaerosols remains challenging because of variability in sampling efficiency, particle\u2010size resolution, and analytical approaches. This review critically evaluates commonly used physical sampling methods, including Andersen cascade impactors, Coriolis \u03bc liquid cyclones, sedimentation techniques, and filter\u2010based air sampling, with emphasis on volumetric accuracy, reproducibility, and compatibility with downstream molecular analysis. The processes underlying spore aerosolization in indoor environments and their implications for air quality and occupant exposure are discussed. Indoor fungi such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Rhizopus proliferate under high humidity and inadequate ventilation, particularly within damp materials and HVAC systems. Despite technological advances, significant gaps persist in methodological standardization, harmonization of exposure metrics, and integration of indoor\u2013outdoor fungal dynamics. Such heterogeneity limits cross\u2010study comparability and constrains exposure assessment. By systematically comparing available methods and their optimal applications, this review highlights the need for integrated and standardized strategies to improve fungal bioaerosol quantification and support evidence\u2010based indoor air quality management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.70386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:50:44Z","timestamp":1783299044000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Methods for Determining the Number of Mold Fungi in the Air\u2014Current Trends"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5087-2315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juhi","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Air Protection, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering Silesian University of Technology  Gliwice Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wioletta","family":"Przystas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Air Protection, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering Silesian University of Technology  Gliwice Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2010.504752"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14040345"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10453\u2010021\u201009721\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151716"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484\u2010023\u201002480\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-22304-5_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","volume-title":"Asthma and Rhinitis","author":"Busse W. 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