{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T09:43:07Z","timestamp":1792489387957,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environ Microbiol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species are environmentally resilient bacteria associated with soil, food, industrial settings and opportunistic infections, yet their bacteriophages remain incompletely characterised, particularly from underexplored environmental sources. We isolated and characterised phage APU1, a\n                    <jats:italic>dsDNA<\/jats:italic>\n                    phage from agricultural soil in Bangladesh. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified the enrichment host conservatively as\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. APU1 has a 153,847\u2009bp genome that encodes 236 predicted proteins, including 84 shorter than 100 amino acids. CheckV classified the genome as high\u2010quality, with an estimated completeness of 99.91% and no detectable host\u2010gene contamination. Functional annotation identified genes associated with DNA replication, structural assembly, packaging and host lysis. PhaBOX classified APU1 as virulent, with PhaTYP and CHERRY prediction scores of 1.0. CARD\/VFDB screening did not detect CARD\u2010listed antimicrobial resistance genes or VFDB\u2010listed virulence factor genes. Comparative genomic analyses using VICTOR, VIRIDIC and VIPTree placed APU1 within a group of related\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    phages. APU1 shared 89.7%\u201389.8% intergenomic similarity with its closest relatives, supporting its classification as a genomically distinct phage within this group. This study expands the genomic catalogue of\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                    associated phages from Bangladeshi soil and provides a foundation for future studies on phage diversity, host range, morphology and biological properties.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.70415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T06:21:39Z","timestamp":1789712499000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A\n                    <i>Bacillus<\/i>\n                    Phage From Bangladeshi Soil, Phage\n                    <scp>APU1<\/scp>\n                    : Genomic Characterisation and Comparative Genomic Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7527-1310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arefeen","family":"Haider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Centre, Infectious Diseases Division Icddr,b  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4409-1693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tasnuva Jahan","family":"Esha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Program, Department of Biochemistry &amp; Microbiology, School of Health &amp; Life Sciences North South University  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0092-9261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sezanur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division Icddr,b  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jannat","family":"Akther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Centre, Infectious Diseases Division Icddr,b  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0296-6031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naimul Islam","family":"Faysal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Centre, Infectious Diseases Division Icddr,b  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3309-3218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tahsin","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Centre, Infectious Diseases Division Icddr,b  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8366-7745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shakhinur Islam","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Shahjalal University of Science Technology  Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9915-3311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anowara","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Dhaka  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3590-0960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sudhangshu Kumar","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriophage Biology and Genomics Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Islamic University  Kushtia Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6876-0191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafizur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Centre, Infectious Diseases Division Icddr,b  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0249-0974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Jubair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Centre, Infectious Diseases Division Icddr,b  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac920"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"Andrews S.2010.\u201cFastQC: A Quality Control Tool for High Throughput Sequence Data.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk\/projects\/fastqc\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-1757-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00066\u201018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086632"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8030100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-6-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btac776"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","unstructured":"Bushnell B.2015.\u201cBBMap.\u201dhttps:\/\/sourceforge.net\/projects\/bbmap\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102105\u201010\u2010421"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"D733","article-title":"IMG\/VR v4: An Expanded Database of Uncultivated Virus Genomes Within a Framework of Extensive Functional, Taxonomic, and Ecological Metadata","volume":"51","author":"Camargo A. 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