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Environment\u2010associated taxa were found to be prevalent in daycare and human\u2010associated taxa in home environments during the COVID\u201019 pandemic, a period marked by profoundly altered social mixing and hygiene practices. In this study, we investigated the structure of microbial communities and their ecological profiles in daycare and home dust in the post\u2010COVID\u201019 era. Microbial communities in household dust remain more heterogeneous, with a higher prevalence of human\u2010associated species, than daycare samples. Full\u2010length 16S rRNA gene sequencing enabled species\u2010level taxonomic resolution, yet approximately 40% of amplicon sequence variants remained unclassified, underscoring the vast, novel microbial diversity within our indoor environments encountered in everyday life. AI\u2010assisted ecological profiling revealed a higher burden of pathogens and opportunistic pathogens in home environments than in daycares. Interestingly, the presence of pets had limited influence on microbial diversity in household dust. Finally, several species with known probiotic properties and immunostimulatory potential were present in both environments, reinforcing the notion that microbial exposure during the critical window of early childhood may confer protection against various non\u2010communicable diseases including asthma, childhood leukaemia and other cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.70433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T23:00:16Z","timestamp":1792018816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["What is in the Dust? 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