{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T09:42:54Z","timestamp":1792489374162,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":173,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016714","name":"University of Sharjah","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25011102121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25011102121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016714","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016714","name":"University of Sharjah","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25021450170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25021450170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016714","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environ Microbiol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) is a highly adapted gastric pathogen responsible for one of the most prevalent chronic bacterial infections worldwide and a major cause of gastritis, peptic\u2010ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Traditionally considered predominantly a human\u2010associated microorganism transmitted via oral\u2010faecal routes, growing evidence challenges this paradigm by demonstrating its persistence outside the human host through interactions with free\u2010living amoebae (FLA). This review critically examines current knowledge of the biological and ecological interplay between\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and FLA, focusing on amoeba\u2010mediated internalisation, intracellular survival, morphological plasticity, and protection from environmental stressors. We highlight FLA's ability to support the persistence of spiral and viable but non\u2010culturable (VBNC) coccoid forms of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , potentially enabling prolonged survival in aquatic and food\u2010associated environments and raising concerns regarding potential waterborne and foodborne transmission. Given the limited direct experimental evidence, we integrate insights from amoeba\u2010resistant bacteria to illustrate convergent intracellular persistence strategies. By considering FLA as a potential underrecognised environmental reservoir, this review expands current frameworks of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    transmission and persistence, with potential relevance to settings with inadequate sanitation. We also outline key mechanistic and methodological gaps and call for standardised models to clarify the ecological significance of these interactions and inform surveillance and control strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.70436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T05:36:05Z","timestamp":1792215365000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    In Free\u2010Living Amoebae: A Potential Environmental Reservoir for Persistence and Transmission"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7015-1942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Otmane","family":"Lamrabet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences University of Sharjah, University City  Sharjah UAE"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meriem","family":"Bekliz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences University of Sharjah, University City  Sharjah UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8841-9055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shamsul","family":"Qumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medical &amp; Health Sciences, University of Sharjah  Sharjah UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merylin","family":"Sebastian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medical &amp; Health Sciences, University of Sharjah  Sharjah UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6108-3333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ula","family":"Abdurahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences University of Sharjah, University City  Sharjah UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Hamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medical &amp; Health Sciences, University of Sharjah  Sharjah UAE"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of Sharjah  Sharjah UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6683-2075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy","family":"Semerjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of Sharjah  Sharjah UAE"},{"name":"Water and Environment Conservation Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Engineering, University of Sharjah  Sharjah UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6036-1022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghalia","family":"Khoder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medical &amp; Health Sciences, University of Sharjah  Sharjah UAE"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceuticals Technology, College of Pharmacy University of Sharjah  Sharjah UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2005.00771.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12691"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-009-1565-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.63.1.115-121.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2009.00556.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.30.17771"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00047-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9040115"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v9040065"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13516.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.03256-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31832-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01313-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-50-1-63"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.04940"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800057216"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00747-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202104005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00411"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-43824-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2006.00413.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02689.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gassur.2005.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2014.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2011.02261.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529109093209"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903438106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1994.tb02136.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2005.04-3273.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2023.1605908"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.10.3124-3132.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.63572-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1095"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002454"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protis.2004.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-017-1196-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.12343"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5632-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192308"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiaa182"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2014.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2005.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01823.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1523991"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01829-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.8704"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/703813"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1382075"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.10.2802-2804.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.05301-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2014.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12185"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01168-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.2.413-433.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protis.2017.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/88563"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.93.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01973-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2021.1885999"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.222375399"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1067147"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-2920.1999.00045.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-2920.2001.00210.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-146-5-1231"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftx113"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2004.02449.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2006.00991.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9060293"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5349.373"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.3.1681-1686.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.03169-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.202300269"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx162"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8020044"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1990.tb02904.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2007.02206.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9030184"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protis.2016.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.9.3672-3679.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.1.365-366.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)00906-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.01029-25"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01031-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2020.103645"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034754"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960050442"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2010.01925.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01431.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00258"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2014.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.001187"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26784"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2010.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-33-1-51"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069076"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13218"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.49.2.507"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020499"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.000750"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0934\u20108840(97)80116\u20108"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_12_109_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Evidence for Viability of Coccoid Forms of \n                     Helicobacter pylori","volume":"34","author":"Mizoguchi H.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108477"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2015.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13856"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5271-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.200800192"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.12.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.4.3.285-290.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(11)80964-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2005.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07307.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_120_1","first-page":"477","article-title":"Viable but Non\u2010Culturable Form of Bacteria","volume":"41","author":"Oz\u00e7akir O.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mikrobiyoloji B\u00fclteni"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.23.2240"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4291\/wjgp.v5.i3.122"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201802555R"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2013.794127"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00827-24"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-022-01249-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i27.4867"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408419409114556"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2009.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.33.12.1179"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2025.2566964"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012666"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03816-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuz011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protis.2017.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01093-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12881"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/502086"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.34218"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01866-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_144_1","first-page":"123","article-title":"Results of the Study of the IL 1\u03b2, IL 10, TNF\u03b1 Gene Polymorphisms in Families With \n                     Helicobacter pylori\n                   Infection","volume":"12","author":"Shmakova T. V.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Opera Medica et Physiologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.868225"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-012-0232-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12163102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01591357"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02781.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11684"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00061"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.03.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002603"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13707"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.5.3.7663"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-36-5-303"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472\u2010765X.2007.02206.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2009.00190.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03642-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01466"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejop.2016.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit286"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2015.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00310-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.190236jk"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.3.1391-1396.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.59.7.2317-2319.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/03009734000000045"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature.2017.21550"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540110080052"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2010.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00729-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_173_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Unchanged Characteristics of \n                     Helicobacter pylori\n                   During Its Morphological Conversion","volume":"98","author":"Zheng P. Y.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Microbios"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0433-3"}],"container-title":["Environmental Microbiology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1758-2229.70436","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1758-2229.70436","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1758-2229.70436","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T09:22:42Z","timestamp":1792488162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1758-2229.70436"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":173,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1758-2229.70436"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1758-2229.70436","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-2229","1758-2229"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-2229","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-2229","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70436"}}