{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T20:04:29Z","timestamp":1760299469873},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]],"date-time":"2016-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003996","name":"Kunming Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014FZ032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014FZ032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thoracic Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Xuanwei district in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Y<\/jats:styled-content>unnan <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>rovince has the highest incidence of lung cancer in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>hina, especially among non\u2010smoking women. Cruciferous vegetables can reduce lung cancer risk by prompting a protective mechanism against respiratory tract inflammation caused by air pollution, and are rich in sulforaphane, which can induce changes in gene expression. We investigated the effect of sulforaphane\u2010induced apoptosis in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">X<\/jats:styled-content>uanwei lung adenocarcinoma cell line (XWCL\u201005) to explore the value of sulforaphane in lung cancer prevention and treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cell growth inhibition was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay; cell morphology and apoptosis were observed under transmission electron microscope; cell cycle and apoptosis rates were detected using flow cytometry; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B\u2010cell lymphoma<\/jats:styled-content> 2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>cl\u20102) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>cl\u20102\u2010like protein 4 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>ax) messenger <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression were determined by quantitative <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>; and p53, p73, p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">(PUMA)<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>ax, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>cl\u20102, and caspase\u20109 protein expression were detected by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>estern blotting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sulforaphane inhibited <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XWLC<\/jats:styled-content>\u201005 cell growth with inhibitory concentration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IC<\/jats:styled-content>)<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of 4.04, 3.38, and 3.02\u2009\u03bcg\/m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content> at 24, 48, and 72\u2009hours, respectively. Sulforaphane affected the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XWLC<\/jats:styled-content>\u201005 cell cycle as cells accumulated in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>2\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content> phase. The proportion of apoptotic cells observed was 27.6%. Compared with the control, the sulforaphane group showed decreased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>cl\u20102 and p53 expression, and significantly increased p73, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUMA<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>ax, and caspase\u20109 protein expression (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sulforaphane induces <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">X<\/jats:styled-content>uanwei lung adenocarcinoma cell apoptosis. Its possible mechanism may involve the upregulation of p73 expression and its effector target genes <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>PUMA<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:italic>Bax<\/jats:italic> in lung cancer cells, downregulation of the anti\u2010apoptotic gene <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:styled-content>\n<jats:italic>cl<\/jats:italic>\n<jats:italic>\u20102<\/jats:italic>, and activation of caspase\u20109. It may also involve downregulation of the mutant p53 protein.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.12396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]],"date-time":"2016-11-23T05:26:44Z","timestamp":1479878804000},"page":"16-25","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sulforaphane\u2010induced apoptosis in <scp>X<\/scp>uanwei lung adenocarcinoma cell line <scp>XWLC<\/scp>\u201005"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Lan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Cytobiology, Institute of Oncology, Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health, Public Health College Kunming Medical University  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun\u2010chao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Schistosomiasis Prevention and Control, Yunnan Provincial Institute of Endemic Disease Control  Dali China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuan\u2010qiong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University  Kunming 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