{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T18:59:46Z","timestamp":1766516386964,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,23]],"date-time":"2018-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thoracic Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Several recent studies have shown that salvage chemotherapy following PD\u20101 blockade produces high antitumor activity in some patients with non\u2010small lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the underlying synergistic mechanisms remain uncertain. The blood neutrophil\u2010to\u2010lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) can reflect the number of circulating myeloid\u2010derived suppressor cells and tumor\u2010associated neutrophils. The immunosuppressive status of the tumor microenvironment could be monitored by the time\u2010series patterns of NLR and ANC. The dynamics of NLR and ANC during nivolumab treatment were retrospectively explored in 15 patients: 8 patients receiving subsequent salvage chemotherapy (2 groups: 3 non\u2010responders and 5 responders), and 7 responders to nivolumab alone (2 groups: 4 partial response and 3 complete response). The dynamics of NLR and ANC during nivolumab differed among these four groups (NLR <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.045, ANC <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.067). NLR and ANC during nivolumab treatment increased over time in non\u2010responders to salvage chemotherapy, with an inverse relationship between drug response and NLR or ANC at four to six weeks among the four groups. We hypothesize that the early dynamics of NLR and ANC during nivolumab may be associated with the late efficacy of subsequent salvage chemotherapy. Further studies involving a large cohort are needed to confirm these findings, which could provide insight into the role of myeloid immunosuppressor cells in combination PD\u20101 blockade and chemotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.12952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,24]],"date-time":"2018-12-24T03:49:23Z","timestamp":1545623363000},"page":"341-346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Dynamics of blood neutrophil\u2010related indices during nivolumab treatment may be associated with response to salvage chemotherapy for non\u2010small cell lung cancer: A hypothesis\u2010generating study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4993-1837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Soda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Sasebo City General Hospital  Nagasaki 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