{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T20:24:46Z","timestamp":1780345486394,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN261201700047C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN261201700047C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thoracic Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to explore the association between fresh fruit consumption and long\u2010term risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGI) in the Linxian Dysplasia Nutrition Intervention Trial (NIT) cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cohort of 3318 subjects with esophageal squamous dysplasia participated in the Linxian Dysplasia NIT in May 1985 and were followed up until 30 September 2015. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and history of diseases were collected at the baseline. The primary endpoint was death from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cardia carcinoma (GCC), and gastric noncardia carcinoma (GNCC). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using the Cox proportional hazard model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the 30\u2010year follow\u2010up, a total of 541 ESCC, 284 GCC, and 77 GNCC deaths occurred. Relative to those who never or rarely consumed fresh fruit, the risk of ESCC mortality in participants who consumed fresh fruit more than 12 times\/year were significantly decreased by 37.3% (HR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.49\u20130.81). In the subgroup analyses, significantly protective effects on ESCC mortality were observed especially in females (HR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.40\u20130.89), non\u2010smokers (HR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48\u20130.94), and nondrinkers (HR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51\u20130.93).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consuming fresh fruit more than 12 times\/year may reduce the long\u2010term risk of ESCC mortality in this dysplasia population, particularly in females, non\u2010smokers, and nondrinkers. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T12:34:31Z","timestamp":1590755671000},"page":"1918-1926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Fresh fruit consumption may decrease the long\u2010term risk of esophageal cancer mortality: A 30\u2010year follow\u2010up study in the Linxian Dysplasia Nutrition Intervention trial (NIT)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0031-3587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4887-6733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijiao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianbing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhu","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6380-0871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youlin","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip R.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology &amp; Genetics, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21338"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.2015.1088383"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra035010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","volume-title":"Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global 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