{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T02:06:46Z","timestamp":1793239606621,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005150","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\u2010I2M\u20101\u2010003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\u2010I2M\u20101\u2010003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005150","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81702292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81702292"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thoracic Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Real\u2010world evidence of second\u2010line treatment and beyond with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in Chinese patients is lacking. Here, we aimed to assess the efficacy, responses, and immune\u2010related side effects of anti\u2010PD\u20101 agents in real\u2010life practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients who received nivolumab or pembrolizumab monotherapy at Peking Medical College Hospital. We collected baseline characteristics, evaluated treatment efficacy, and categorized immune\u2010related adverse effects (irAEs). Predictive factors of treatment response were also determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 97 patients with a median age of 64\u2009years. The majority of patients were male, with nonsquamous histological type and advanced stage tumor, and had a history of smoking. Most patients received ICIs as second\u2010line therapy. Expression of PD\u2010L1 was detected in 34.11% patients. Overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 16.49% and 60.82%, respectively. None of the patients achieved complete response (CR). The median PFS and OS were150\u2009days and 537\u2009days, respectively. The incidence of immune\u2010related toxicities was similar to the one previously reported. Patients with driver gene mutations had shorter PFS than patients without, while patients who encountered irAE had relatively longer PFS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The real\u2010world clinical outcome of ICIs in second\u2010 and further\u2010line NSCLC therapy is promising. Several characteristics may have predictive value for efficacy. Occurrence of irAEs during treatment was acceptable and could be an independent positive predictive for PFS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significant findings of the study<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Efficacy and safety profile of ICIs as second\u2010line treatment or above for patients with NSCLC are promising in real world circumstances<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Incidence and median time to the occurrence of irAEs vary between organs<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What this study adds<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Driver gene mutations are associated with lower progression\u2010free survival<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Occurrence of irAEs is associated with higher progression\u2010free survival<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T08:21:41Z","timestamp":1590740501000},"page":"1955-1962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Immunotherapy as second\u2010line treatment and beyond for non\u2010small cell lung cancer in a single center of China: Outcomes, toxicities, and clinical predictive factors from a real\u2010world retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4040-6115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minjiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College  Beijing 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