{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T01:57:59Z","timestamp":1767664679730,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,21]],"date-time":"2020-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thoracic Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>The patient in this report was a 57\u2010year\u2010old man with metastatic non\u2010small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). After no response to two lines of systemic chemotherapy, he was treated with nivolumab as third\u2010line therapy, which resulted in a partial response. After 17\u2009months of nivolumab treatment, he developed bone metastasis in his left femur which was treated with radiation therapy. Nivolumab was restarted after radiation therapy. Four months after radiation therapy, he developed another metastatic lesion in the small intestine which was surgically resected. Because there were no recurrent NSCLC lesions after surgical resection, nivolumab was restarted again. At 18\u2009months after surgery, there were no recurrent NSCLC lesions. Immunohistochemical analysis of peritumoral T lymphocytes showed higher expression of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain\u2010containing protein 3 (TIM\u20103) and lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG\u20103) in recurrent lesions of bone and small intestine than in primary lesions. Upregulation of TIM\u20103 and LAG\u20103 could be associated with mechanisms of adaptive resistance to nivolumab in this case. Here, we report a successful case of continued nivolumab therapy with remission after local treatments consisting of radiation therapy and surgical resection for oligometastases. Continuation of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment may be worth considering if oligometastases can be controlled.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant findings of the study<\/jats:p><jats:p>We report a successful case of continued nivolumab treatment with remission after local treatment (radiation therapy and surgical resection) for oligometastases.<\/jats:p><jats:p>What this study adds<\/jats:p><jats:p>Upregulation of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain\u2010containing protein 3 and lymphocyte\u2010activation gene 3 could be associated with mechanisms of adaptive resistance to nivolumab.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T05:32:50Z","timestamp":1592803970000},"page":"2357-2360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Successful continuous nivolumab therapy for metastatic <scp>non\u2010small<\/scp> cell lung cancer after local treatment of oligometastatic lesions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Tobita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Nippon Life Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9274-225X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhei","family":"Kinehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Nippon Life Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshio","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Nippon Life Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Kurebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Nippon Life Hospital  Osaka 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