{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:29:57Z","timestamp":1791973797494,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thoracic Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thymoma\u2010associated myasthenia gravis (TAMG) is one of the subtypes of myasthenia gravis with autoantibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR\u2010Ab). We analyzed the clinical features of our cohort of TAMG patients and the changes in AChR\u2010Ab titer before and after thymectomy in order to identify factors predicting thymoma relapses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively assessed: age of MG onset, MG clinical status according to MGFA (Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America), epoch of thymectomy, post\u2010thymectomy status, oncological features and surgical approach. AChR\u2010Ab dosages were measured both before and after thymectomy. Linear regression models were applied to identify clinical determinants of AChR\u2010Ab titers and the Cox regression model was fitted to estimate the factors associated with the risk of thymoma recurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study sample included 239 MG patients, 27 of whom experienced one or more recurrences (median follow\u2010up time: 4.8\u2009years). The AChR\u2010Ab titers decreased after first thymectomy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001); the decrease was more pronounced in female patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.05), in patients diagnosed with MG at an older age (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003), and in those who had lower MG stage before surgery (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02) or higher Masaoka\u2010Koga stage (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.005). The risk of relapse was closely linked with the age of the patient, the Masaoka\u2010Koga stage and the surgical approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Presurgery levels of AChR\u2010Ab or their change after surgery were not associated with thymoma recurrence. The reduction of AChR\u2010Ab titers after thymectomy confirms an immunological role of thymoma in the pathogenesis of MG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Significant findings of the study: Young MG patients with an advanced Masaoka staging score of the primary tumor who underwent thymectomy with approaches different from sternotomy and VATS should be monitored for high risk of recurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>What this study adds: No other study has ever investigated the changes in AChR\u2010Ab titers before and after thymectomy in a large cohort of TAMG patients. The reduction of AChR\u2010Ab titers after thymectomy suggests an immunological role of thymoma in the pathogenesis of MG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T18:18:52Z","timestamp":1604427532000},"page":"106-113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Thymoma\u2010associated <scp>myasthenia gravis<\/scp>: Clinical features and predictive value of antiacetylcholine receptor antibodies in the risk of recurrence of thymoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4622-8639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"De Rosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Fornili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelangelo","family":"Maestri Tassoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melania","family":"Guida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Baglietto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loredana","family":"Petrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Chella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Thoracic and Vascular Medicine, Unit of Pneumology University Hospital of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franca","family":"Melfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Thoracic and Vascular Medicine, Minimally Invasive and Robotic Thoracic Surgery, Robotic Multispecialty Center for Surgery University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Lucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Thoracic and Vascular Medicine University Hospital of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Ricciardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Thoracic and Vascular Medicine University Hospital of Pisa  Pisa 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thymectomy: A neurologist's perspective","volume":"5","author":"Ricciardi R","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)00555-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2008.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2013.10.053"}],"container-title":["Thoracic 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