{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T08:00:41Z","timestamp":1779350441040,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thoracic Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A previous trial showed that autologous ex\u2010vivo expanded NK cell (SNK01) treatment combined with pembrolizumab showed better efficacy than pembrolizumab monotherapy in advanced non\u2010small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study was a 2\u2010year follow\u2010up of that previous study to determine the long\u2010term efficacy of the combination treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This trial included 20 patients with advanced NSCLC with a PD\u2010L1 tumor proportion score of 1% or greater who failed prior to front\u2010line platinum\u2010based therapy. The patients received pembrolizumab with low\u2010dose SNK01 (2\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u2009cells\/dose) or high\u2010dose SNK01 (4\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup> cells\/dose), or pembrolizumab monotherapy. The primary study endpoint was overall survival (OS), and the secondary endpoint was progression\u2010free survival (PFS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two patients were excluded following serious adverse events. Among the 11 patients who died, five were from the NK groups (41.6%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a05\/12), and six received pembrolizumab monotherapy (100%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06\/6). The estimated 2\u2010year survival rate was 58.3% versus 16.7% (pembrolizumab plus SNK01 vs. pembrolizumab monotherapy). The hazard ratio of pembrolizumab plus SNK01 compared with pembrolizumab monotherapy was 0.32 (95% CI: 0.1, 1.08, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value: 0.066). Although the median PFS was significantly higher in the pembrolizumab plus SNK01 group than in the pembrolizumab alone group, OS and PFS did not differ statistically between patients who received low doses of NK cells and those who received high doses of NK cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autologous NK cells can enhance the long\u2010term OS and PFS for NSCLC. A larger study is needed to confirm this result.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Clinical Research Information Service number: KCT0003463.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.14523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T06:59:51Z","timestamp":1654585191000},"page":"2050-2056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Two\u2010year efficacy of <scp>SNK01<\/scp> plus pembrolizumab for non\u2010small cell lung cancer: Expanded observations from a phase <scp>I\/IIa<\/scp> randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5523-5144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyung Jun","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Information Medicine Asan medical center  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong Man","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NKMAX Co., Ltd.  Seongnam South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Seob","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NKMAX Co., Ltd.  Seongnam South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7164-2770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wonjun","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Cheol","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2881-4669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang\u2010Min","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01121-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2020.0134"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.00934"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2019.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01281-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI132712"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01416","article-title":"Natural killer cells in the lungs","volume":"10","author":"Cong J","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A phase I\/IIa randomized trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of SNK01 plus Pembrolizumab in patients with stage IV non\u2010small cell lung cancer","author":"Kim EJ","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-2893"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606774"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2021.8183"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI99317"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.03136"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12113285"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0805-8"}],"container-title":["Thoracic Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1759-7714.14523","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1759-7714.14523","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1759-7714.14523","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T03:51:33Z","timestamp":1692849093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1759-7714.14523"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1759-7714.14523"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1759-7714.14523","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-7706","1759-7714"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-7706","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-7714","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}