{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T04:54:49Z","timestamp":1777438489127,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thoracic Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cancer cachexia and tumor burden predict efficacies of programmed cell death\u20101 (PD\u20101)\/programmed death\u2010ligand 1 (PD\u2010L1) inhibitors and chemotherapy or pembrolizumab in non\u2010small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). There are no predictive models that simultaneously assess cancer cachexia and tumor burden.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the present retrospective study, we reviewed the medical records of patients with advanced NSCLC who received cancer immunotherapy as first\u2010line systemic therapy. Clinical immune predictive scores were defined according to multivariate analysis of progression\u2010free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 157 patients were included in the present study (75 treated with PD\u20101\/PD\u2010L1 inhibitors\u2009+\u2009chemotherapy; 82, pembrolizumab monotherapy). Multivariate analysis for PFS revealed that PD\u2010L1 tumor proportion scores &lt;50%, a total target lesion diameter \u226576\u2009mm, and cancer cachexia were independently associated with poor PFS. Multivariate analysis for OS revealed that \u22654 metastases and cancer cachexia were significantly associated with poor OS. In the immune predictive model, the median PFS was 21.7\u00a0months in the low\u2010risk group (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a041); 7.6 in the medium\u2010risk group (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a064); and 3.0 in the high\u2010risk group (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a047). The median OS were not reached, 22.4 and 9.1\u00a0months respectively. Our immune predictive model was significantly associated with PFS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and OS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We proposed the immune predictive model, including tumor burden and cancer cachexia, which may predict the efficacy and survival outcome of first\u2010line immunotherapy in advanced NSCLC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.14529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T03:46:45Z","timestamp":1655178405000},"page":"2064-2074","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Predicting the efficacy of <scp>first\u2010line<\/scp> immunotherapy by combining cancer cachexia and tumor burden in advanced <scp>non\u2010small cell<\/scp> lung cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Taichi","family":"Miyawaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Oncology Shizuoka Cancer Center  Shizuoka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4047-2929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tateaki","family":"Naito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Oncology Shizuoka Cancer Center  Shizuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0475-573X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kosei","family":"Doshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Oncology Shizuoka Cancer Center  Shizuoka 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