{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T05:38:46Z","timestamp":1787809126502,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thoracic Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>For advanced non\u2010small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), combination therapies including a PD\u20101 inhibitor plus chemotherapy or a PD\u20101 inhibitor, CTLA\u20104 inhibitor, and chemotherapy are standard first\u2010line options. However, data directly comparing these regimens are lacking. This study compared the efficacy of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy (CP) against nivolumab plus ipilimumab and chemotherapy (CNI) in a real\u2010world setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this multicenter retrospective study, we compared the efficacy and safety of CP and CNI as first\u2010line therapies in 182 patients with stage IIIB\u2013IV NSCLC. Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression\u2010free survival (PFS), while secondary outcomes included the response rate (RR) and safety profiles. Kaplan\u2013Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards models were utilized for data analysis, adjusting for confounding factors such as age, gender, and PD\u2010L1 expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, 160 patients received CP, while 22 received CNI. The CP group was associated with significantly better PFS than the CNI group (median 11.7 vs. 6.6\u2009months, HR 0.56, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03). This PFS advantage persisted after propensity score matching to adjust for imbalances. No significant OS differences were observed. Grade 3\u20134 adverse events occurred comparably, but immune\u2010related adverse events were numerically more frequent in the CNI group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In real\u2010world practice, CP demonstrated superior PFS compared with CNI. These findings can inform treatment selection in advanced NSCLC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.15304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T09:42:36Z","timestamp":1712828556000},"page":"1208-1217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Real\u2010world evidence of efficacy of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy and nivolumab plus ipilimumab plus chemotherapy as initial treatment for advanced non\u2010small cell lung cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ayami","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7064-320X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Somekawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomofumi","family":"Hirose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology Yokohama City University Medical Center  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukihito","family":"Kajita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology Yokohama City University Medical Center  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology Yokohama City University Medical Center  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2365-144X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuhei","family":"Teranishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology Yokohama City University Medical Center  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Sairenji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidetoshi","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Kanto Rosai Hospital  Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Yumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Yokohama Minami Kyosai Hospital  Ykohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshinori","family":"Tsukahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Chigasaki Municipal Hospital  Chigasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiko","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Fujisawa Municipal Hospital  Fujisawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuichi","family":"Nishihira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Kanto Rosai Hospital  Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8200-0340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Horita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Kudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology Yokohama City University Medical Center  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Miyazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Yokohama Nanbu Hospital  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01450-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.18-2-s41"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol29050247"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMOA1810865\/SUPPL_FILE\/NEJMOA1810865_DATA-SHARING.PDF"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30641-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMOA1801005\/SUPPL_FILE\/NEJMOA1801005_DISCLOSURES.PDF"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-022-02120-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.00975"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2022.100465"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"Current Status and Important Notes Regarding a Multicenter Clinical Trial of Nivolumab + Ipilimumab Combination Therapy in Non\u2010Small Cell Lung Cancer.https:\/\/www.ncc.go.jp\/jp\/information\/pr_release\/2023\/0428\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2022.100394"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1703481"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/25785826.2021.1976942"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32132"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.7711"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2020.04.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.14379"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.01042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.1747"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-012-1211-y"}],"container-title":["Thoracic Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1759-7714.15304","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T01:51:15Z","timestamp":1716774675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1759-7714.15304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1759-7714.15304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1759-7714.15304","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-7706","1759-7714"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-7706","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-7714","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}