{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T23:12:00Z","timestamp":1774566720785,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thoracic Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Usage of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has prolonged the overall survival (OS) of patients with extensive\u2010stage small\u2010cell lung cancer (ES\u2010SCLC). In clinical trials, males accounted for a large proportion, leading to the uncertainty of its efficacy in female patients. We therefore conducted this study to explore the efficacy and safety of using ICIs in female patients with ES\u2010SCLC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively enrolled female SCLC patients and subdivided them into two groups. Group A (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200940) was defined as ES\u2010SCLC patients who received first\u2010line standard chemotherapy with or without ICIs. Group B (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200947) included relapsed SCLC patients who were administered with second\u2010line therapies. Kaplan\u2013Meier methodology was used to calculate survival analysis. Chi\u2010squared tests were used to analyze the incidence of adverse events (AEs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Median progression\u2010free survival (PFS) and median OS favored the ICI\u2010contained cohorts (Group A PFS: 8.3 vs. 6.1\u2009months; OS: not reached vs. 11.3\u2009months; Group B PFS: 15.1 vs. 3.3\u2009months; OS: 35.3 vs. 8.3\u2009months), especially in those patients who received second\u2010line immunotherapies. Patients who received immunotherapy had a slightly higher incidence rate of grade \u22653 AEs (Group A: 71.4% vs. 46.2%; Group B: 44.5% vs. 13.2%). Those who developed grade \u22653 AEs in first\u2010line ICIs cohort had a more favorable survival (PFS: 8.3 vs. 3.2\u2009months; OS: not reached vs. 5.1\u2009months).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study suggested that female ES\u2010SCLC patients treated with immunotherapy tended to achieve a relatively longer survival. The incidence of AEs (grade \u22653) was higher in women patients receiving ICIs, which requires monitoring more closely.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.15393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T05:55:55Z","timestamp":1719294955000},"page":"1727-1738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Women patients with small\u2010cell lung cancer using immunotherapy in a real\u2010world cohort achieved long\u2010term survival"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yuling","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology Peking University Cancer Hospital &amp; Institute  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingdong","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology Peking University Cancer Hospital &amp; Institute  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xumeng","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology Peking University Cancer Hospital &amp; Institute  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2489-7791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minglei","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology Peking University Cancer Hospital &amp; Institute  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tongtong","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology Peking University Cancer Hospital &amp; Institute  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology Peking University Cancer Hospital &amp; Institute  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology Peking University Cancer Hospital &amp; Institute  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology Peking University Cancer Hospital &amp; Institute  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1464-7158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology Peking University Cancer Hospital &amp; Institute  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianjie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology Peking University Cancer Hospital &amp; Institute  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2768-1865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xue","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology Peking University Cancer Hospital &amp; Institute  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9383-479X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanxiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology Peking University Cancer Hospital &amp; 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