{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:20:31Z","timestamp":1790630431203,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82400169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82400169"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thoracic Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thymoma\u2010associated pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by selective erythroid lineage suppression. However, the underlying immune mechanisms remain unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed single\u2010cell RNA sequencing (scRNA\u2010seq) on bone marrow cells from thymoma\u2010PRCA patients and healthy controls to analyze hematopoietic cell populations. Additionally, we conducted bulk RNA sequencing of peripheral blood CD8 + T cells, flow cytometry analysis of CD8 + T\u2010cell activation, and cytokine profiling of bone marrow supernatant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>scRNA\u2010seq revealed a significant reduction in erythroid progenitors (BFU\u2010E, CFU\u2010E, erythroblasts) and an increase in granulocyte\u2010monocyte progenitors (GMP) in thymoma\u2010PRCA patients. Differential gene expression analysis showed upregulation of <jats:italic>TMSB10<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>AREG<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>SPN<\/jats:italic>, which are involved in immune modulation and T\u2010cell activation. Bulk RNA sequencing of CD8 + T cells indicated enhanced expression of activation markers (<jats:italic>TNFRSF9, CTLA4, IRF4, CD38, MTHFD2<\/jats:italic>) and decreased expression of erythroid\u2010related genes (<jats:italic>HBA1, HBA2, HBB<\/jats:italic>). Flow cytometry confirmed an increased CD8 + T\u2010cell population in the bone marrow, with elevated levels of perforin, granzyme B, IFN\u2010\u03b3, and TNF\u2010\u03b1. Cytokine analysis further demonstrated increased IFN\u2010\u03b3 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels in the bone marrow microenvironment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thymoma\u2010PRCA is associated with excessive CD8 + T\u2010cell activation and an inflammatory bone marrow environment, leading to impaired erythropoiesis. These findings provide novel insights into the immune dysregulation underlying thymoma\u2010associated PRCA and may help identify potential therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.70046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T08:12:51Z","timestamp":1742458371000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Aberrant Hematopoiesis and <scp>CD8<\/scp><sup>+<\/sup> T\u2010Cell Activation in Thymoma\u2010Associated Pure Red Cell Aplasia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mengyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoman","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiqin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Failure and Malignant Hemopoietic Clone Control  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Institute of Hematology  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Failure and Malignant Hemopoietic Clone Control  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Institute of Hematology  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yansong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xifeng","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Failure and Malignant Hemopoietic Clone Control  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Institute of Hematology  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyue","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2402-2717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huaquan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Failure and Malignant Hemopoietic Clone Control  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Institute of Hematology  Tianjin 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