{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T10:15:32Z","timestamp":1792318532725,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82303564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82303564"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024J011440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024J011440"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thoracic Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effect of postoperative adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy on survival outcomes in resectable non\u2010small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who received neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, from January 2019 to June 2024, including resectable NSCLC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with ICIs. Pathological responses were assessed, and event\u2010free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between patients who received postoperative adjuvant ICI therapy and those who did not.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 186 patients included, 106 received adjuvant ICI therapy, while 80 did not. No significant differences in EFS or OS were observed between the two groups in patients who achieved pathological complete response (pCR) or major pathological response (MPR) (EFS:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.282, OS:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.330). In contrast, patients who did not achieve pCR or MPR experienced a significant improvement in EFS with adjuvant ICI therapy (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004). An AI\u2010based decision tree model developed to predict the need for postoperative adjuvant immunotherapy demonstrated strong performance, with an accuracy of 85% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.82. Key predictors identified by the model included pathological response, age, clinical stage, and PD\u2010L1 expression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postoperative adjuvant ICI therapy significantly improves EFS in resectable NSCLC patients, especially in those without pCR or MPR. However, its effect on OS remains uncertain. These findings highlight the importance of personalized treatment strategies, with adjuvant ICI offering greater benefits for patients with incomplete pathological responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.70195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T13:09:51Z","timestamp":1764767391000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Real\u2010World Study of Resectable\n                    <scp>NSCLC<\/scp>\n                    Following Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy: Should Postoperative Adjuvant Immunotherapy be Recommended?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6291-9328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"National Medical Center Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"National Medical Center Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery Huai'an People's Hospital of Hongze District  Huai'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hari B.","family":"Keshava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Irvine School of Medicine University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongkui","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Center Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxiang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"National Medical Center Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenghao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"National Medical Center Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiamen Branch Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21763"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2015.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2218\u20106751.2013.12.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470\u20102045(20)30453\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(21)02098\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2202170"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.09.1443"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470\u20102045(13)70334\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e318247504a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3182774108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010020\u201001224\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2018.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.4427"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364\u2010020\u201000209\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1758835919839928"}],"container-title":["Thoracic Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1759-7714.70195","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T10:20:57Z","timestamp":1765794057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1759-7714.70195"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1759-7714.70195"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1759-7714.70195","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-7706","1759-7714"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-7706","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-7714","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70195"}}