{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T10:01:46Z","timestamp":1779962506171,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thoracic Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory tract cancers account for a large proportion of new cancers and cause a major global health burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to analyze global and regional trends in the incidence, mortality, and disability\u2010adjusted life years (DALYs) of these cancers from 1990 to 2021 and to project future burden to 2040.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross\u2010sectional analysis using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study, assessing incidence, mortality, and DALYs globally and across 5 Socio\u2010demographic Index (SDI) regions, including risk factor attribution and health inequality trends.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In 2021, there were 2.60 million new cases globally. Between 1990 and 2021, incident cases, deaths, and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DALYs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      increased by 95.01%, 60.48%, and 56.68%, respectively, while age\u2010standardized rates declined (estimated annual percentage change: \u22122.39%, \u22124.37%, \u22124.98%). By 2040, 2.45 million new cases are projected (67.11% male), with corresponding rates of 53.51, 46.90, and 1001.79 per 100\u2009000. The highest age\u2010standardized burden was observed in high and high\u2010middle\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      regions. Smoking was the leading specific risk factor for deaths and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DALYs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , particularly for tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBLC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and laryngeal cancer (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ). Health inequalities increased from 1990 to 2021, especially for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBLC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , with the slope inequality index for age\u2010standardized incidence rate, DALYs\u00a0rate, and mortality rate rising from 36.54, 878.54, and 34.92 to 51.38, 953.63, and 44.52, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The absolute burden of respiratory tract cancers continues to rise despite declining rates, with significant inequalities. Enhanced, context\u2010specific prevention and control strategies are urgently needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.70302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T05:44:32Z","timestamp":1778910272000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Global Burden of Respiratory Tract Cancers From 1990 to 2021: Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3110-1720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan Hubei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7183-1862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinchen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9527-819X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33587"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30456-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","unstructured":"\u201cCancer (IARC) TIA for R on. 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