{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:39:15Z","timestamp":1792640355488,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thoracic Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study aimed to investigate clinical and imaging features in the diagnosis and surgical management of nipple discharge without palpable masses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consecutive patients undergoing surgery for nipple discharge without palpable masses (January 2014\u2013December 2024) were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical, imaging (ultrasound, mammography, MRI), surgical, and pathological data were analyzed. Diagnostic performance of imaging modalities for intraductal lesions\/malignancy and their role in incision selection were evaluated. Multivariate regression identified independent risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 664 patients (676 breasts), 512 were pathology\u2010positive cases. Older age (&gt;\u200950\u2009years), postmenopausal status, bloody\/yellow discharge, and single\u2010duct involvement correlated with intraductal\u2010lesions\/malignancy (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). MRI demonstrated superior sensitivity for detecting intraductal\u2010lesions (81.25%) and cancer (87.32%) versus ultrasound (64.51%\/74.26%) and mammography (26.46%\/50.39%), with 84.62% concordance in surgical localization. Bloody\/yellow discharge, positive ultrasound, and MRI independently predicted intraductal\u2010lesions (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MRI offers optimal diagnostic sensitivity and precise spatial guidance for surgery. Bloody\/yellow discharge, along with positive ultrasound and MRI findings, informs risk stratification and surgical intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.70332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T07:07:30Z","timestamp":1782284850000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical and Imaging Characteristics in the Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Nipple Discharge Without Clinically Palpable Masses: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Disease Center Peking University People's Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Surgery Tangshan People's Hospital  Tangshan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Peking University People's Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houpu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Disease Center Peking University People's Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Disease Center Peking University People's Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Disease Center Peking University People's Hospital  Beijing 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