{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T05:00:27Z","timestamp":1785387627114,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thoracic Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Typical carcinoid tumors (TC) are a low\u2010grade neuroendocrine tumor characterized by low proliferation activity and an overall favorable prognosis. Lympho\u2010vascular invasion is uncommon in TC and is more frequently associated with atypical carcinoid. We reported a 46\u2010year\u2010old non\u2010smoking woman who underwent right lower lobectomy for a right pulmonary hilar mass after multidisciplinary team (MDT) evaluation (cT1cN0M0, AJCC 9th edition, IA3). Postoperative histopathological examination confirmed typical carcinoid tumor with a low Ki\u201067 proliferation index (&lt;\u20092%), and no tumor necrosis was identified, fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for typical carcinoid according to the current WHO classification of thoracic tumors. Unexpectedly, focal lympho\u2010vascular invasion in the form of tumor emboli was identified. Additionally, the resected lung showed caseating granulomatous inflammation with acid\u2010fast bacilli, suggestive of a non\u2010tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection; however, species\u2010level identification was not performed. No lymph node metastasis was detected (pT1cN0M0, AJCC 9th edition, IA3). The patient had minimal pleural effusion on the surgical side postoperatively, and no signs of recurrence or metastasis have been detected during 20\u2009months of follow\u2010up to date. This report highlights a pathological discordance between the low proliferation index and the presence of lympho\u2010vascular invasion in TC. The concomitant granulomatous inflammation may have contributed to diagnostic complexity, although a causal relationship cannot be established. This case underscores the importance of careful histopathological evaluation for invasive features in typical carcinoid tumors, even in the context of low proliferative activity. Surgical treatment alone might be safe in this specific scenario.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.70347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T23:20:41Z","timestamp":1784589641000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Atypical Behavior in a Typical Carcinoid: When\u00a0Minimal\u00a0Proliferation Meets Lympho\u2010Vascular Invasion\u2014A\u00a0Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Qilian","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University\/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Care Management Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sicheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guowei","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"479","article-title":"The Diagnosis and Treatment of Bronchopulmonary Carcinoid","volume":"112","author":"Kaifi J. T.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt International"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14819"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2010.08.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.12081"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","article-title":"Mycobacterium gordonae\n                   Infection in a Patient With Non\u2010Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"16","author":"Elanjian A. 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