{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T07:06:13Z","timestamp":1789455973053,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005006","name":"Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024IL0014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024IL0014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thoracic Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)\u2013guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) is strongly recommended for mediastinal staging in resectable non\u2013small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the optimal sampling extent remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate whether the extent of nodal sampling during staging EBUS is associated with pathologic N2 upstaging in clinical N0\u2013N1 NSCLC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort included patients with cN0\u2013N1 NSCLC who underwent preoperative EBUS\u2010TBNA between January 2022 and December 2023. Patients were stratified into three groups according to the number of sampled lymph node stations at the N2\/N3 levels: Group 1, \u2264\u20091 mediastinal station at N2 or N3; Group 2, one N2 and one N3 station; Group 3, \u2265\u20093 stations, including at least one N2 and one N3. The primary outcome was pathologic N2 upstaging, defined as N2 disease confirmed on surgical pathology despite preoperative stage N0\u2013N1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 418 patients were included (mean age, 68.6\u2009years; 64.1% male). Most had adenocarcinoma (75.4%) and cN0 disease (94.7%). Group distribution was 140 (33.5%) in Group 1, 92 (22.0%) in Group 2, and 186 (44.5%) in Group 3. Pathologic N2 upstaging occurred in 21\/140 (15.0%) in Group 1, 8\/92 (8.7%) in Group 2, and 8\/186 (4.3%) in Group 3. The rate decreased with increasing sampling, with Group 3 showing a lower rate than Group 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Comprehensive staging EBUS\u2010TBNA with \u2265\u20093\u2009N2\/N3 stations was associated with a lower rate of occult N2 upstaging in clinical N0\u2013N1 NSCLC, underscoring the importance of comprehensive nodal evaluation for accurate staging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.70365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T06:26:18Z","timestamp":1789107978000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Extent of Endobronchial Ultrasound Nodal Sampling and Risk of Pathologic\n                    <scp>N2<\/scp>\n                    Upstaging in Clinical\n                    <scp>N0<\/scp>\n                    \u2013\n                    <scp>N1<\/scp>\n                    Non\u2010Small Cell Lung Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0073-2079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min Jee","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5963-0259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Cheol","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2881-4669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang\u2010Min","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Oncology Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4814-6730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sei Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Seung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5949-248X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung\u2010Wook","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3154-4858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho Cheol","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6653-998X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jee Hwan","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8226-9585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jang Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5434-2223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong\u2010Gon","family":"Hyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul South 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