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AI is mainly characterized by functional iron deficiency. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, molecular mechanisms, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic advancements in cancer\u2010related AI. It focuses on the central role of interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106) and the emerging therapeutic strategies targeting the IL\u20106\u2010hepcidin\u2010ferroportin axis. 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