{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T07:33:07Z","timestamp":1793259187848,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thoracic Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improve the prognosis of patients with previously treated non\u2010small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the efficacy and safety of ICIs for patients with NSCLC complicated with interstitial pneumonia (IP) remain unknown. This study aimed to analyze patients with NSCLC and IP treated with ICIs and to investigate the efficacy and exacerbation frequency of ICI therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively enrolled patients with NSCLC and IP at multiple centers and examined progression\u2010free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) using the Kaplan\u2013Meier method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median PFS was 5.8\u2009months, and the median OS was 9.7\u2009months. ICI\u2010related lung injury was observed in seven of the 19 patients (36.8%). Pneumonitis was observed in one of five patients with a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern and in six of 14 patients with a non\u2010UIP pattern; however, there was no significant difference in onset frequency. Furthermore, we observed no significant difference in PFS between patients with and without ICI\u2010related pneumonitis (6.8 vs. 3.3\u2009months, respectively;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.826). OS tended to be shorter in patients with ICI\u2010related pneumonitis, but the difference was not significant (8.0 vs. 16.7\u2009months, respectively;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.172).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of ICIs in patients with NSCLC and IP produces long\u2010term responses in some cases; however, there is a high possibility of ICI\u2010related pneumonitis. In cases where the condition worsens, post\u2010treatment may be difficult, and the prognosis may be poor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.70399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T07:59:55Z","timestamp":1792051195000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Lung Cancer Complicated by Interstitial Pneumonia: The\n                    <scp>CS<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Lung 003 Study, Branch Number 28"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8654-5532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kosuke","family":"Hamai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine JA Onomichi General Hospital  Hiroshima Japan"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7365-4927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuhiro","family":"Kanaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University  Kida\u2010gun Kagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6418-991X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University  Kida\u2010gun Kagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0208-2180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuhisa","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayaka","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3557-0049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeshi","family":"Masuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Hiroshima University Hospital  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8234-942X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noboru","family":"Hattori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Hiroshima University Hospital  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0750-0019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Yamasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic\u2010Bomb Survivors Hospital  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic\u2010Bomb Survivors Hospital  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masamoto","family":"Nakanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Okayama University Hospital  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4516-0433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobukazu","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Medicine Okayama Rosai Hospital  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3835-5128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nagio","family":"Takigawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine 4 Kawasaki Medical School  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1591-1937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuya","family":"Nishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine National Hospital Organization Iwakuni Clinical Center  Yamaguchi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuyuki","family":"Hotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine Okayama University  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuyuki","family":"Kiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Okayama University Hospital  Okayama 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