{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:35:05Z","timestamp":1792679705419,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632x.12053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,12]],"date-time":"2013-06-12T08:34:34Z","timestamp":1371026074000},"page":"87-100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":160,"title":["Activation of influenza viruses by proteases from host cells and bacteria in the human airway epithelium"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"B\u00f6ttcher-Friebertsh\u00e4user","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Dieter","family":"Klenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Garten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0001|fim12053-cit-0001","first-page":"1686","article-title":"Catalytic cleavage of the androgen-regulated TMPRSS2 protease results in its secretion by prostate and prostate cancer epithelia","volume":"61","author":"Afar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0002|fim12053-cit-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02320-12","article-title":"Matriptase, HAT, and TMPRSS2 Activate the Hemagglutinin of H9N2 Influenza A Viruses","volume":"87","author":"Baron","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0003|fim12053-cit-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1021\/jm9012455","article-title":"Potent inhibitors of furin and furin-like proprotein convertases containing decarboxylated P1 arginine mimetics","volume":"53","author":"Becker","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0004|fim12053-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10016","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00239-10","article-title":"TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 facilitate trypsin-independent spread of influenza virus in Caco-2 cells","volume":"84","author":"Bertram","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0005|fim12053-cit-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35876","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035876","article-title":"Influenza and SARS-coronavirus activating proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT are expressed at multiple sites in human respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts","volume":"7","author":"Bertram","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0006|fim12053-cit-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9896","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01118-06","article-title":"Proteolytic activation of influenza viruses by serine proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT from human airway epithelium","volume":"80","author":"B\u00f6ttcher","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0007|fim12053-cit-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.03.029","article-title":"MDCK cells that express proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT provide a cell system to propagate influenza viruses in the absence of trypsin and to study cleavage of HA and its inhibition","volume":"27","author":"B\u00f6ttcher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0008|fim12053-cit-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5605","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00140-10","article-title":"Cleavage of influenza virus hemagglutinin by airway proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT differs in subcellular localization and susceptibility to protease inhibitors","volume":"84","author":"B\u00f6ttcher-Friebertsh\u00e4user","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0009|fim12053-cit-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01294-10","article-title":"Inhibition of influenza virus infection in human airway cell cultures by an antisense peptide-conjugated morpholino oligomer targeting the hemagglutinin-activating protease TMPRSS2","volume":"85","author":"B\u00f6ttcher-Friebertsh\u00e4user","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0010|fim12053-cit-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.10.001","article-title":"Hemagglutinin activating host cell proteases provide promising drug targets for the treatment of influenza A and B virus infections","volume":"30","author":"B\u00f6ttcher-Friebertsh\u00e4user","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0011|fim12053-cit-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1994.1489","article-title":"Cell tropism of influenza virus mediated by hemagglutinin activation at the stage of virus entry","volume":"203","author":"Boycott","year":"1994","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0012|fim12053-cit-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7579","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.71.10.7579-7585.1997","article-title":"Cleavage of influenza A virus H1 hemagglutinin by swine respiratory bacterial proteases","volume":"71","author":"Callan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0013|fim12053-cit-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3200","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02205-08","article-title":"Proteolytic activation of the 1918 influenza virus hemagglutinin","volume":"83","author":"Chaipan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0014|fim12053-cit-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81771-7","article-title":"Structure of the hemagglutinin precursor cleavage site, a determinant of influenza pathogenicity and the origin of the labile conformation","volume":"95","author":"Chen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0015|fim12053-cit-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2003-0199OC","article-title":"Human airway trypsin-like protease increases mucin gene expression in airway epithelial cells","volume":"30","author":"Chokki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0016|fim12053-cit-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8338","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M105044200","article-title":"Regulation of the epithelial sodium channel by serine proteases in human airways","volume":"277","author":"Donaldson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0017|fim12053-cit-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8018","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.17.8018-8027.2000","article-title":"Targeted infection of endothelial cells by avian influenza virus A\/FPV\/Rostock\/34 (H7N1) in chicken embryos","volume":"74","author":"Feldmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0018|fim12053-cit-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1159\/000151618","article-title":"Cleavage activation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin and its role in pathogenesis","volume":"27","author":"Garten","year":"2008","journal-title":"Avian Influenza: Monogr in Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0019|fim12053-cit-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(89)90103-7","article-title":"Inhibition of proteolytic activation of influenza virus hemagglutinin by specific peptidyl chloroalkyl ketones","volume":"172","author":"Garten","year":"1989","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0020|fim12053-cit-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.031591-0","article-title":"H9 avian influenza reassortant with engineered polybasic cleavage site displays a highly pathogenic phenotype in chicken","volume":"92","author":"Gohrbandt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0021|fim12053-cit-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10224","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.17.10224","article-title":"A novel mechanism for the acquisition of virulence by a human influenza A virus","volume":"95","author":"Goto","year":"1998","journal-title":"P Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0022|fim12053-cit-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4189","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07643.x","article-title":"An endoprotease homologous to the blood clotting factor X as a determinant of viral tropism in chick embryo","volume":"9","author":"Gotoh","year":"1990","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0023|fim12053-cit-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6074","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.68.9.6074-6078.1994","article-title":"Proprotein-processing endoproteases PC6 and furin both activate hemagglutinin of virulent avian influenza viruses","volume":"68","author":"Horimoto","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0024|fim12053-cit-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4105","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02621-09","article-title":"Contribution of vaccine-induced immunity toward either the HA or the NA component of influenza viruses limits secondary bacterial complications","volume":"84","author":"Huber","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0025|fim12053-cit-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222213","article-title":"An overlapping protein-coding region in influenza A virus segment 3 modulates the host response","volume":"337","author":"Jagger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0026|fim12053-cit-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(84)90376-3","article-title":"Is virulence of H5N2 influenza viruses in chickens associated with loss of carbohydrate from the hemagglutinin?","volume":"139","author":"Kawaoka","year":"1984","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0027|fim12053-cit-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35108","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035108","article-title":"Exposure to ozone modulates human airway protease\/antiprotease balance contributing to increased influenza A infection","volume":"7","author":"Kesic","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0028|fim12053-cit-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)42250-8","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of a novel trypsin-like protease found in rat bronchiolar epithelial Clara cells. A possible activator of the viral fusion glycoprotein","volume":"267","author":"Kido","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0029|fim12053-cit-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.2174\/138161207780162971","article-title":"Proteases essential for human influenza virus entry into cells and their inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents","volume":"13","author":"Kido","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0030|fim12053-cit-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.26.3.965-975.2006","article-title":"Phenotypic analysis of mice lacking the Tmprss2-encoded protease","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0031|fim12053-cit-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2008-00549","article-title":"Proteolytic bacteria in the lower digestive tract of poultry may affect avian influenza virus pathogenicity","volume":"88","author":"King","year":"2009","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0032|fim12053-cit-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0966-842X(94)90123-6","article-title":"Host cell proteases controlling virus pathogenicity","volume":"2","author":"Klenk","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0033|fim12053-cit-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(08)60520-5","article-title":"The molecular biology of influenza virus pathogenicity","volume":"34","author":"Klenk","year":"1988","journal-title":"Adv Virus Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0034|fim12053-cit-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(75)90284-6","article-title":"Activation of influenza A viruses by trypsin treatment","volume":"68","author":"Klenk","year":"1975","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0035|fim12053-cit-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(75)90285-8","article-title":"Enhancement of the infectivity of influenza A and B viruses by proteolytic cleavage of the hemagglutinin polypeptide","volume":"68","author":"Lazarowitz","year":"1975","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0036|fim12053-cit-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2330","article-title":"The androgen-regulated type II serine protease TMPRSS2 is differentially expressed and mislocalized in prostate adenocarcinoma","volume":"215","author":"Lucas","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0037|fim12053-cit-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L385","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00098.2005","article-title":"Human airway trypsin-like protease stimulates human bronchial fibroblast proliferation in a protease-activated receptor-2-dependent pathway","volume":"290","author":"Matsushima","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0038|fim12053-cit-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12658","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01542-10","article-title":"Efficient activation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein by the transmembrane protease TMPRSS2","volume":"84","author":"Matsuyama","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0039|fim12053-cit-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00058-05","article-title":"Insights into the interaction between influenza virus and pneumococcus","volume":"19","author":"McCullers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0040|fim12053-cit-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1730","article-title":"Preventing and treating secondary bacterial infections with antiviral agents","volume":"16","author":"McCullers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0041|fim12053-cit-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1086\/341462","article-title":"Lethal synergism between influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae: characterization of a mouse model and the role of platelet-activating factor receptor","volume":"186","author":"McCullers","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0042|fim12053-cit-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.01.003","article-title":"Epidemiology, microbiology, and treatment considerations for bacterial pneumonia complicating influenza","volume":"16","author":"Metersky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0043|fim12053-cit-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1086\/591708","article-title":"Predominant role of bacterial pneumonia as a cause of death in pandemic influenza: implications for pandemic influenza preparedness","volume":"198","author":"Morens","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0044|fim12053-cit-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.2001.02166.x","article-title":"Mini-plasmin found in the epithelial cells of bronchioles triggers infection by broad-spectrum influenza A viruses and Sendai virus","volume":"268","author":"Murakami","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0045|fim12053-cit-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02656-12","article-title":"Identification of novel influenza A virus proteins translated from PA mRNA","volume":"87","author":"Muramoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0046|fim12053-cit-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540305100805","article-title":"Characterization of matriptase expression in normal human tissues","volume":"51","author":"Oberst","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0047|fim12053-cit-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(89)90267-5","article-title":"Mutations at the cleavage site of the hemagglutinin alter the pathogenicity of influenza virus A\/chick\/Penn\/83 (H5N2)","volume":"168","author":"Ohuchi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0048|fim12053-cit-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5089","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02605-09","article-title":"Novel type II transmembrane serine proteases, MSPL and TMPRSS13, Proteolytically activate membrane fusion activity of the hemagglutinin of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses and induce their multicycle replication","volume":"84","author":"Okumura","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0049|fim12053-cit-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1086\/430954","article-title":"Influenza virus neuraminidase contributes to secondary bacterial pneumonia","volume":"192","author":"Peltola","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0050|fim12053-cit-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23261","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023261","article-title":"Expression and genetic loss of function analysis of the HAT\/DESC cluster proteases TMPRSS11A and HAT","volume":"6","author":"Sales","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0051|fim12053-cit-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2003.024","article-title":"A novel influenza A virus activating enzyme from porcine lung: purification and characterization","volume":"384","author":"Sato","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0052|fim12053-cit-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07240.x","article-title":"Two independent targeting signals in the cytoplasmic domain determine trans-Golgi network localization and endosomal trafficking of the proprotein convertase furin","volume":"14","author":"Sch\u00e4fer","year":"1995","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0053|fim12053-cit-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.4.783","article-title":"Interactions between bacteria and influenza A virus in the development of influenza pneumonia","volume":"166","author":"Scheiblauer","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0054|fim12053-cit-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.030379-0","article-title":"Insertion of a multibasic cleavage site in the haemagglutinin of human influenza H3N2 virus does not increase pathogenicity in ferrets","volume":"92","author":"Schrauwen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0055|fim12053-cit-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2008.01.030","article-title":"The activation and physiological functions of the proprotein convertases","volume":"40","author":"Seidah","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0056|fim12053-cit-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8942","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00676-08","article-title":"Efficient multiplication of human metapneumovirus in Vero cells expressing the transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS2","volume":"82","author":"Shirogane","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0057|fim12053-cit-0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02062-10","article-title":"A transmembrane serine protease is linked to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptor and activates virus entry","volume":"85","author":"Shulla","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0058|fim12053-cit-0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2011.06.033","article-title":"Development of substrate analogue inhibitors for the human airway trypsin-like protease HAT","volume":"21","author":"Sielaff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0059|fim12053-cit-0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-64","article-title":"H9N2 influenza virus acquires intravenous pathogenicity on the introduction of a pair of di-basic amino acid residues at the cleavage site of the hemagglutinin and consecutive passages in chickens","volume":"8","author":"Soda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0060|fim12053-cit-0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5864","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02649-08","article-title":"Acquisition of a polybasic hemagglutinin cleavage site by a low-pathogenic avian influenza virus is not sufficient for immediate transformation into a highly pathogenic strain","volume":"83","author":"Stech","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0061|fim12053-cit-0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1999.9716","article-title":"Role of hemagglutinin cleavage for the pathogenicity of influenza virus","volume":"258","author":"Steinhauer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0062|fim12053-cit-0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05305.x","article-title":"Influenza virus hemagglutinin with multibasic cleavage site is activated by furin, a subtilisin-like endoprotease","volume":"11","author":"Stieneke-Gr\u00f6ber","year":"1992","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0063|fim12053-cit-0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8683","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00797-10","article-title":"Modifications to the hemagglutinin cleavage site control the virulence of a neurotropic H1N1 influenza virus","volume":"84","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0064|fim12053-cit-0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2007.11.013","article-title":"Type II transmembrane serine proteases in development and disease","volume":"40","author":"Szabo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0065|fim12053-cit-0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s004180000243","article-title":"Localization of human airway trypsin-like protease in the airway: an immunohistochemical study","volume":"115","author":"Takahashi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0066|fim12053-cit-0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/325536a0","article-title":"Role of Staphylococcus protease in the development of influenza pneumonia","volume":"325","author":"Tashiro","year":"1987a","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0067|fim12053-cit-0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(87)90284-4","article-title":"Synergistic role of staphylococcal proteases in the induction of influenza virus pathogenicity","volume":"157","author":"Tashiro","year":"1987b","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0068|fim12053-cit-0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-68-7-2039","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of a protease inhibitor, leupeptin, on the development of influenza pneumonia, mediated by concomitant bacteria","volume":"68","author":"Tashiro","year":"1987c","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0069|fim12053-cit-0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm934","article-title":"Furin at the cutting edge: from protein traffic to embryogenesis and disease","volume":"3","author":"Thomas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0070|fim12053-cit-0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2009.04.036","article-title":"ETS gene fusions in prostate cancer: from discovery to daily clinical practice","volume":"56","author":"Tomlins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0071|fim12053-cit-0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4269","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1116200109","article-title":"A distinct lineage of influenza A virus from bats","volume":"109","author":"Tong","year":"2012","journal-title":"P Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0072|fim12053-cit-0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5161","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00210-13","article-title":"Plasmin-mediated activation of pandemic H1N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin independent of the viral neuraminidase","volume":"87","author":"Tse","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0073|fim12053-cit-0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9896(2000)9999:9999<::AID-PATH743>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Expression of transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS2 in mouse and human tissues","volume":"193","author":"Vaarala","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0074|fim12053-cit-0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2579","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1109397109","article-title":"Avian influenza virus hemagglutinins H2, H4, H8, and H14 support a highly pathogenic phenotype","volume":"109","author":"Veits","year":"2012","journal-title":"P Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0075|fim12053-cit-0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90775-K","article-title":"Hemagglutinin activation of pathogenic avian influenza viruses of serotype H7 requires the protease recognition motif R-X-K\/R-R","volume":"188","author":"Vey","year":"1992","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0076|fim12053-cit-0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.16.3.9070615","article-title":"Purification, characterization, and localization of a novel trypsin-like protease found in the human airway","volume":"16","author":"Yasuoka","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0077|fim12053-cit-0077","first-page":"77","article-title":"Fibrinogenolytic activity of a novel trypsin-like enzyme found in human airway","volume":"45","author":"Yoshinaga","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Med Invest"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0078|fim12053-cit-0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01318080","article-title":"Protective effect of protease inhibitors in influenza virus infected animals","volume":"73","author":"Zhirnov","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0079|fim12053-cit-0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8682","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.17.8682-8689.2002","article-title":"Cleavage of influenza a virus hemagglutinin in human respiratory epithelium is cell associated and sensitive to exogenous antiproteases","volume":"76","author":"Zhirnov","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0080|fim12053-cit-0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026020831036","article-title":"Intracellular cleavage of human influenza a virus hemagglutinin and its inhibition","volume":"68","author":"Zhirnov","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Mosc)"},{"key":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12053-BIB0081|fim12053-cit-0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2011.07.014","article-title":"Aprotinin and similar protease inhibitors as drugs against influenza","volume":"92","author":"Zhirnov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"}],"container-title":["Pathogens and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/femspd\/article-pdf\/69\/2\/87\/19131840\/69-2-87.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T18:24:23Z","timestamp":1645727063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/femspd\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1111\/2049-632X.12053"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,2]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2049-632x.12053","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-632X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-632X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,2]]}}}