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Each curvature operator derives a curvature expression corresponding to both a plate model and a shell model. The corotational edge\u2010based hinge model uses an edge\u2010based stencil to compute directional curvature, while the corotational FVM hinge model utilizes a triangle\u2010centered stencil, applying the finite volume method (FVM) to superposition directional curvatures across edges, yielding a generalized curvature. The corotational smoothed hinge model also employs a triangle\u2010centered stencil but transforms directional curvatures into a generalized curvature based on a quadratic surface fit. All models assume small strain and small curvature, leading to constant bending energy Hessians, which benefit implicit integrators. Through quantitative benchmarks and qualitative elastodynamic simulations with large time steps, we demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency, and stability of these models. Our contributions enhance the thin plate\/shell library for use in both computer graphics and engineering applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.70022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T07:55:48Z","timestamp":1744271748000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Corotational Hinge\u2010based Thin Plates\/Shells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5494-3672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qixin","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Hong Kong &amp; TransGP  Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2010.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566623"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.1620121106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BreenD. 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