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Standard ReSTIR reuses spatially from a small number of randomly selected neighbors. This reuse suffers when few neighbors contain contributing samples, reducing quality toward that of the underlying path sampler. This commonly occurs during camera or object motion, as regions not present in prior frames are revealed. Increasing the number of spatial neighbors helps but also increases cost. We propose a novel spatial neighbor selection technique, stochastic pairwise MIS, which enables unbiased reuse from many neighbors in real time and focuses reuse on pixels with contributing samples. This provides a significant increase in image quality overall, especially in regions with poor input samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.70391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T10:06:27Z","timestamp":1776161187000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Stochastic Pairwise MIS for Unbiased Large\u2010Kernel Reuse in Real\u2010Time"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3168-1705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trevor","family":"Hedstrom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego  USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5206-9603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Kettunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NVIDIA  Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5139-6418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daqi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NVIDIA  USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5133-4292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Wyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NVIDIA  USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5443-470X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tzu\u2010Mao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego  USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","unstructured":"BitterliB.:Correlations and reuse for fast and accurate physically based light transport. 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