{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T06:52:28Z","timestamp":1781765548093,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Graphics Forum"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hydrothermal plumes are turbulent structures of intense heat and mineral smoke that rise and disperse into the deep ocean. Existing models generally characterize these systems as a single axisymmetric plume originating from a point source. However, this assumption breaks down in weakly venting, spatially distributed systems, where low\u2010flux discharge and strong background currents produce faint and distorted plumes that traditional centerline\u2010based diagnostics fail to characterize. We present a topology\u2010based visual analysis framework that treats plumes as time\u2010varying three\u2010dimensional scalar fields and captures their full structural variability. Using merge trees, we cluster plume snapshots into representative morphologies and uncover a clear coupling between plume structure and phases of the tidal cycle. To support exploration, we introduce a radial merge tree visualization that arranges plume similarity on a tidal clock, revealing periodic behaviors not discernible with existing techniques. We further develop an extremum graph based workflow that identifies discrete surface venting regions within a reconstructed porous rock, and use streamline visualizations to link subsurface transport pathways to the overlying plume.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.70442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T06:11:59Z","timestamp":1781763119000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Topology\u2010based Visual Analysis of Hydrothermal Plumes"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Adhitya","family":"Kamakshidasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kahlert School of Computing, University of Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0702-3435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tushar","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0982-7034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Bemis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Rutgers University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8877-2042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerio","family":"Pascucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","first-page":"245","article-title":"Critical points and curvature for embedded polyhedra","volume":"1","author":"Banchoff Thomas.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Journal of Differential Geometry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JB095iB08p12895"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2015.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2009.69"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bremer Peer\u2010Timo Weber Gunther H. 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