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We present a systematic investigation of how variations in noise amplitude and frequency are perceived when applied to 3D surfaces. Across three online perceptual studies with 142 participants, we gathered similarity judgments for surface noise stimuli and modeled the resulting perceptual space using multi\u2010dimensional scaling (MDS). Our analysis shows that the amplitude\u2013frequency perceptual space requires at least three dimensions for accurate reconstruction; however, the stimuli lie near a 2D manifold. Building on these findings, we derive locally perceptually uniform reparameterizations for both amplitude and frequency, improving the suitability of surface noise as a mapping for scalar data. These results provide perceptual guidance for the design of geometric encodings based on surface perturbation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.70454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T11:15:37Z","timestamp":1781176537000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating the Perceptual Space of Surface Noise for Visualization"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0544-5397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Sterzik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Germany"},{"name":"Leipzig University\/Center for Scalable Data Analytics and AI (ScaDS.AI)  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2036-3030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Merk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Germany"},{"name":"Leipzig University\/Center for Scalable Data Analytics and AI (ScaDS.AI)  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1511-4022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Lawonn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Germany"},{"name":"Leipzig University\/Center for Scalable Data Analytics and AI (ScaDS.AI)  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0\u2010387\u201028981\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2077451.2077462"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0097\u20108493(02)00055\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/13.5.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042\u20106989(00)00307\u20102"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"Tiling Simplex Noise and Flow Noise in Two and Three Dimensions","volume":"11","author":"Gustavson Stefan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Graphics Techniques (JCGT)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2004.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003710050084"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/6.5.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20109280.2008.02067.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/7.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1190036.1190039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20108659.2012.03127.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2013.180"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289565"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lagae A. 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