{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T13:47:58Z","timestamp":1785937678676,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2403122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2403122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Graphics Forum"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Monte Carlo time\u2010gated rendering requires sampling light paths that not only connect a sensor to an emitter, but which also have a total travel time that falls within a narrow interval, a constraint that is difficult to importance sample. We show that this problem has an underlying geometric structure: in the joint space of position and accumulated travel time, the points yielding a time\u2010valid connection to a given query point form a light\u2010cone shell. Prior methods sample this shell indirectly. Steady\u2010state algorithms sample the full space and reject points outside it, giving high variance under tight gates. Ellipsoidal path connections target a single cone surface by intersecting an ellipsoid with scene geometry, coupling cost to scene complexity. Our key observation is that shell membership is cheap to test, needing only accumulated travel time and a Euclidean distance. We therefore store the vertices of traced light subpaths in a 4D spatiotemporal hierarchy and recast time\u2010gated connection as a range query, using pruning and importance sampling over the shell to select time\u2010valid vertices without intersecting scene geometry. This decouples the cost of time gating from scene complexity. Within a bidirectional path tracing framework, our method significantly reduces variance over existing approaches on scenes with up to 2.4M triangles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.70536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T13:16:52Z","timestamp":1785935812000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Light\u2010Cone Shell Queries for Scalable Time\u2010Gated Rendering"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4763-2861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6218-3426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juhyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6623-020X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adithya","family":"Pediredla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1652-0954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Jarosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","unstructured":"Bitterli B.Rendering Resources.2016. url:https:\/\/benedikt-bitterli.me\/resources\/8."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","unstructured":"Bitterli B.Virtual Femto Photography.2016. url:https:\/\/benedikt-bitterli.me\/femto.html2."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","article-title":"Beyond points and beams: Higher\u2010dimensional photon samples for volumetric light transport","volume":"36","author":"Bitterli B.","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH)"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","article-title":"Photon surfaces for robust, unbiased volumetric density estimation","volume":"38","author":"Deng X.","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH)"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12256","article-title":"Scalable realistic rendering with many\u2010light methods","volume":"33","author":"Dachsbacher C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computer Graphics Forum"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gruber T. 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Bijelic M. andHeide F.\u201cGated2depth: real\u2010time dense lidar from gated images\u201d.2019 IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)(2019). doi: 10\/ggr9s8 1 2 10.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00159"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","article-title":"Light transport simulation with vertex connection and merging","volume":"31","author":"Georgiev I.","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH Asia)"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","article-title":"Darts: diffusion approximated residual time sampling for time\u2010of\u2010flight rendering in homogeneous scattering media","volume":"43","author":"He Q.","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Graphics"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","article-title":"Progressive photon mapping","volume":"27","author":"Hachisuka T.","year":"2008","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH Asia)"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","article-title":"A path space extension for robust light transport simulation","volume":"31","author":"Hachisuka T.","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH Asia)"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13314","article-title":"Bidirectional rendering of vector light transport","volume":"37","author":"Jarabo A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computer Graphics Forum"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","unstructured":"Jakob W.Mitsuba Renderer.2013. url:http:\/\/www.mitsuba-renderer.org8."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","volume-title":"Realistic Image Synthesis Using Photon Mapping","author":"Jensen H. 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