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In many practical editing scenarios, user\u2010specified objectives affect only a small region of an otherwise satisfactory simulation, resulting in optimal control force distributions that are highly sparse in both space and time. However, existing optimization\u2010based fluid control methods typically solve for control forces over the entire spacetime domain, leading to unnecessarily high computational cost and poor scalability. Motivated by this observation, we restrict optimization to localized spacetime regions surrounding the edit of interest, significantly reducing the dimensionality of the control problem. Within this framework, control forces are parameterized on a coarse \u201cfloating\u201d background grid, decoupling control degrees of freedom from simulation resolution and promoting smooth, physically plausible forces. We further analyze spacetime\u2010window selection as a joint spatial\u2010temporal problem. While the full problem can be formulated as a 2D search over spatial and temporal window extents, practical workflows can often leverage user\u2010specified spatial regions and lightweight temporal\u2010window selection strategies to reduce search cost. Our method enables a range of intuitive editing tasks, where sparse user inputs can induce coherent motion in surrounding fluid structures. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method with various 2D and 3D particle\u2010based free\u2010surface simulation examples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.70562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T11:03:40Z","timestamp":1786532620000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fluid Control with Localized Spacetime Windows"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7547-9587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7079-1934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. I. 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