{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:29:25Z","timestamp":1753878565372,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["584\/16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["584\/16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cognitive Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over the last decade, iterated learning studies have provided compelling evidence for the claim that linguistic structure can emerge from non\u2010structured input, through the process of transmission. However, it is unclear whether individuals differ in their tendency to add structure, an issue with implications for understanding who are the agents of change. Here, we identify and test two contrasting predictions: The first sees learning as a pre\u2010requisite for structure addition, and predicts a positive correlation between learning accuracy and structure addition, whereas the second maintains that it is those learners who struggle with learning and reproducing their input who add structure to it. This prediction is hard to test in standard iterated learning paradigms since each learner is exposed to a different input, and since structure and accuracy are computed using the same test items. Here, we test these contrasting predictions in two experiments using a one\u2010generation artificial language learning paradigm designed to provide independent measures of learning accuracy and structure addition. Adults (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a048 in each study) were exposed to a semi\u2010regular language (with probabilistic structure) and had to learn it: Learning was assessed using seen items, whereas structure addition was calculated over unseen items. In both studies, we find a strong positive correlation between individuals' ability to learn the language and their tendency to add structure to it: Better learners also produced more structured languages. These findings suggest a strong link between learning and generalization. We discuss the implications of these findings for iterated language models and theories of language change more generally.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.12877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T06:21:21Z","timestamp":1596262881000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Individual Differences in Learning Abilities Impact Structure Addition: Better Learners Create More Structured Languages"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8934-718X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamar","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Language Evolution University of Edinburgh"},{"name":"Department of Psychology The Hebrew University of Jerusalem"}]},{"given":"Noam","family":"Siegelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology The Hebrew University of Jerusalem"},{"name":"Haskins Laboratories"}]},{"given":"Inbal","family":"Arnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology The Hebrew University of Jerusalem"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-6709.2011.01200.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/cll.15.15are"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000911000079"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17763\/haer.42.1.h78l676h28331480"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2015.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2011.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"Ergin R.(2017).Central taurus sign language: A unique vantage point into language emergence. 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