{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T02:17:13Z","timestamp":1777861033055,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J.0193.23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J.0193.23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Expert Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study develops a novel two\u2010stage framework to evaluate financial health, distress and liquidity traps in the banking industry by integrating a Fuzzy Modulatory Data Envelopment Analysis model with a Fuzzy Multivariate Lognormal Regression. The methodology incorporates fuzzy set theory with alpha\u2010cuts to capture vagueness and uncertainty in inputs, outputs and intermediate variables, addressing inherent data imprecision in financial systems. An empirical analysis of 93 Chinese banks (2014\u20132023) reveals key drivers of inefficiency, including labour costs, capital adequacy and market concentration, while highlighting the moderating effects of competition and regulatory measures. Results demonstrate improved efficiency trends and convergence in operational practices, influenced by regulatory compliance and macroeconomic policies. The framework further identifies contextual factors\u2014such as the Herfindahl\u2013Hirschman Index and CAMELS ratings\u2014impacting inefficiencies under varying levels of uncertainty, offering a comprehensive risk management and policy evaluation tool. This research contributes to operational research by bridging gaps in banking efficiency analysis and providing actionable insights for enhancing financial stability and resilience under uncertain market conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.70249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T10:22:43Z","timestamp":1774952563000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Addressing Vagueness and Uncertainty in the Banking Industry: Combining Fuzzy Modulatory Data Envelopment Analysis and Fuzzy Multivariate Regression"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Wanke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EBAPE Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Get\u00falio Vargas  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3482-1574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management University of Bradford  Bradford UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4400-9755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barnab\u00e9","family":"Walheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HEC Li\u00e8ge Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge  Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbankfin.2011.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Bank Failure in Nigeria: A Consequence of Capital Inadequacy, Lack of Transparency and Non\u2010Performing Loans?","volume":"6","author":"Adeyemi B.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Banks and Bank Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-financial-111914-042008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022109016000090"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10693-018-0296-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbankfin.2006.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-021-04111-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122762"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13132-019-0584-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2021.102538"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/REST_a_00210"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijfe.1595"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-020-03817-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2019.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/fmii.12196"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2003.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.13.4.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.health.2024.100357"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2024.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5957.2010.02226.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2021.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13600826.2014.887559"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2019.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/0002828041301740"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacfin.2019.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmacro.2021.103364"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2020.106329"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-405X(03)00177-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9701.00526"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40854-022-00412-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjx005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acfi.12400"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbankfin.2011.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2017.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1540-6261.00415"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10693-015-0226-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-021-04503-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.117776"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-022-04805-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2024.103069"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacfin.2024.102431"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2016.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.2000.tb00927.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9701.00357"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4266(92)90065-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/EJMBE-09-2020-0261"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","article-title":"Interval Valued Fuzzy Soft Sets and Algorithm of IVFSS Applied to the Risk Analysis of Prostate Cancer","volume":"975","author":"Naveed M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Applications"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJBM-12-2023-0653"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","first-page":"269","article-title":"The Application of Altman's Z\u2010Score Model in Predicting Bankruptcy: Evidence From the Trading Sector in Sri Lanka","volume":"10","author":"Niresh A. J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Business and Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01605682.2022.2064783"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfs.2004.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.najef.2003.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfineco.2013.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10700-021-09364-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4337\/roke.2012.01.04"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2014.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-023-05764-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2017.06.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/AAAJ-01-2020-4400"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconbus.2017.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JES-05-2020-0215"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4266(98)00080-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2024.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoneco.2020.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbankfin.2017.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2009.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00181-020-01886-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbankfin.2010.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11156-024-01340-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJBAAF.2019.099424"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2011.07.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0972652720913478"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2016.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gfj.2017.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2015.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2014.06.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jbr.2013.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2018.05.012"}],"container-title":["Expert Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/exsy.70249","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/exsy.70249","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/exsy.70249","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T02:44:45Z","timestamp":1777517085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/exsy.70249"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/exsy.70249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/exsy.70249","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0266-4720","1468-0394"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0266-4720","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-0394","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70249"}}