{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T09:55:53Z","timestamp":1781690153622,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Expert Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The need for electric buses (e\u2010buses) has increased significantly due to the global shift towards sustainable urban mobility and low\u2010carbon transportation systems. The integration of e\u2010buses into public transportation has become an environmentally friendly urban development element due to their positive environmental impacts and potential to reduce private vehicle use. This study introduces a new locational planning model for fast\u2010charging stations (FCS) that optimally integrates them into the existing power network infrastructure to support the transition to e\u2010bus systems. It aims to minimize total operational, maintenance, installation and transportation costs to the charging station, as well as energy distribution line costs, while providing adequate charging services for e\u2010bus fleets. In the model, the binary version of the Walrus Optimization Algorithm has been proposed and compared with three well\u2010known metaheuristic algorithms: the Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm, the Grey Wolf Optimizer and the Whale Optimization Algorithm. A proposed model for charging stations has been evaluated using two real\u2010world datasets containing public transportation and power network data from Adana. The results of the proposed model demonstrate a more realistic, grid\u2010friendly deployment of fast\u2010charging stations at reduced cost.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.70281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T07:53:14Z","timestamp":1779436394000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Novel Expert System\u2010Based Optimization of Fast\u2010Charging Station Location Planning for Electric Buses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7631-8934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celal","family":"Can","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University  Adana T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8550-1562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatih","family":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Cukurova University  Adana T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9074-0189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasin","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Artificial Intelligence Engineering Adana Alparslan Turkes\u00a0Science and Technology University  Adana T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"ABB.2022.\u201cUlasim.\u201dhttps:\/\/ulasimbilgi.adana.bel.tr\/Otobusler."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2020.113609"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3312022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en15041424"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2021.118243"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2013.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2022.108046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su13094745"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/wevj6010147"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2507\/IJSIMM24-2-714"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2018.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.segan.2022.100638"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2019.109618"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2024.114784"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2022.103628"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INDIN.2010.5549398"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2022.023884"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0278491"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2015.06.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500\u2010016\u20102471\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpolmod.2023.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2025.104382"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.segan.2024.101292"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122413"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2020.102056"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/wevj16070378"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en11020258"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0305215X.2019.1624740"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","unstructured":"IEA.2020.\u201cTracking Transport 2020.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","volume-title":"Co2 Emissions From Fuel Combustion Highlights","author":"IEA, I","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.commtr.2022.100069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361\u20109209(97)00001\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/elk-1201-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en18143638"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2013.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.10.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2023.103821"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2022.103880"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su10072528"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2023.129059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su11174713"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2019.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2025.104021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ietest.2019.0014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2016.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2013.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2016.09.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2025.137135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24041320"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.12.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/15\u20100430"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831\u2010024\u201010165\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.segan.2022.100989"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2007.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2022.026026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2022.3156150"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2025.110004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010023\u201035863\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtst.2022.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2018.8569583"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2006.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2020.105854"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2021.120106"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Shifting Control Technology on Automatic Mechanical Transmission of Pure Electric Buses","volume":"30","author":"Xi J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Beijing Ligong Daxue Xuebao\/Transaction of Beijing Institute of Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500\u2010023\u201008274\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fi13100252"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101197"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2013.2278852"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2015.12.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2024.103463"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSTE.2020.3039758"}],"container-title":["Expert Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/exsy.70281","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/exsy.70281","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/exsy.70281","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T09:20:46Z","timestamp":1781688046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/exsy.70281"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/exsy.70281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/exsy.70281","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0266-4720","1468-0394"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0266-4720","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-0394","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70281"}}