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The challenge of how to identify images containing sensitive content has long been a difficult issue. Deep learning technology, with its powerful semantic extraction capabilities, has naturally become an auxiliary tool for recognizing images containing specific content. This review primarily focuses on recent advancements in SIE integrated with semantic understanding. First, it reviews the current state of development in image ROI encryption. Subsequently, it proposes two semantic\u2010aware SIE schemes based on image\u2010to\u2010image and text\u2010to\u2010image search paradigms. The review also introduces evaluation metrics for assessing both the encryption algorithms and deep learning models involved in such SIE systems. Finally, it analyzes potential security issues in SIE, such as privacy protection of deep learning models and leakage of ROI edge regions, as well as possible optimization directions, including model lightweighting and encryption parallelization to enhance efficiency. In conclusion, this review indicates that selective encryption is not limited to ROI\u2010based approaches but also includes semantic retrieval followed by targeted encryption. Moreover, with the integration of deep learning models, considerations regarding security and efficiency have become more complex, representing key areas for further exploration in future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.70316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T04:01:13Z","timestamp":1780718473000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["When an Image Cipher Meets Computer Vision: A Survey on Semantic\u2010Aware Selective Encryption"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2767-3999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4549-744X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University  Shenyang China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System, Ministry of Education  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoshi","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0692-0815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tengfei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Process Automation, Shenyang University of Technology  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Mou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1717-5785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Centre of Applied Technology on Machine Translation and Artificial Intelligence, Macao Polytechnic University  Macao SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4745-8361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junxin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software, Dalian University of Technology  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.13588"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218127406015970"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2020.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"YOLO\u2010Based ROI Selection for Joint Encryption and Compression of Medical Images With Reconstruction Through Super\u2010Resolution Network","volume":"150","author":"Baranwal N.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Future Generation Computer Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","unstructured":"Bochkovskiy A. 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