{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T10:07:00Z","timestamp":1784196420400,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Expert Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study investigates the application of machine learning algorithms to analyse students' attitudes towards distance mathematics education, focusing on perceived effectiveness and students' ability to successfully learn and adopt mathematical content in an online setting. Data were collected from 1154 students at various educational levels using a 28\u2010item Likert scale questionnaire on distance mathematics learning. An ML pipeline incorporating multiple data preparation techniques and machine learning algorithms was applied to two key prediction questions. Unlike predominantly descriptive or single model studies in this area, this approach evaluates both predictive performance and the stability of selected survey items across many model configurations, providing more robust and interpretable pedagogical insights. The results show that Recursive Feature Elimination was the most effective feature selection method, while Random Forest, Ridge Classifier and Categorical Naive Bayes achieved the strongest overall predictive performance across the two questions. These findings confirm the value of combining feature selection techniques and machine learning algorithms to derive robust and interpretable insights from educational survey data, while also highlighting the importance of well\u2010structured distance learning strategies in mathematics education. The methodology is readily adaptable to other academic disciplines, providing educators with a data\u2010driven framework for improving the design and effectiveness of online learning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.70357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T05:56:47Z","timestamp":1783144607000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring Machine Learning Algorithms for Analysing Students' Attitudes Towards Distance Mathematics Learning"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2791-3849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Svi\u010devi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science University of Kragujevac  Kragujevac Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6699-8772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Milenkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science University of Kragujevac  Kragujevac Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4703-2291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lazar","family":"Krsti\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science University of Kragujevac  Kragujevac Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7776-6045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milo\u0161","family":"Pavkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singidunum University  Belgrade Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31458\/iejes.1232169"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26803\/ijlter.20.1.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100231"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17509\/ajsee.v3i3.51065"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40561\u2010021\u201000168\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci11010001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3306500.3306509"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32890\/mjli2022.19.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5937\/inovacije2202001C"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.12444"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"1743","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM)","author":"Descamps S. X.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5937\/inovacije2102086D"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cae.22679"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11591\/ijeecs.v34.i1.pp565-574"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10649-005-6457-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-024-12704-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17718\/tojde.1082978"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gurajena C. E.Mbunge andS.Fashoto.2021.\u201cTeaching and Learning in the New Normal: Opportunities and Challenges of Distance Learning Amid COVID\u201019 Pandemic.\u201d Available at SSRN 3765509.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3765509"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44217-023-00035-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-27568-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-33383-0"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","first-page":"174","article-title":"U\u010denici sa smetnjama u razvoju na nastavi matematike tokom pandemije virusa covid\u201019","volume":"67","author":"Lazovi\u0107 T. S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pedago\u0161ka Stvarnost"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/rlt.v24.30630"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Experiences of Foreign\u2010Language Teachers at the Tertiary Level in the Online Teaching Environment in Croatia in 2020","volume":"51","author":"Lu\u010dev I.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Strani Jezici: \u010casopis Za Primijenjenu Lingvistiku"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70177\/jssut.v1i4.661"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","first-page":"409","volume-title":"In 2024 International Seminar on Application for Technology of Information and Communication (Isemantic)","author":"Marjuni A.","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","first-page":"413","article-title":"\u0160to smo nau\u010dili u\/o nastavi na daljinu?","volume":"59","author":"Mati\u0107 I.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sociologija i Prostor"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5937\/ZRPFU2426119M"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46793\/NNU21.501M"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5937\/nasvas2203363M"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","volume-title":"28th scientific conference Elementary Mathematics Education Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica \u2010 Osrblie","author":"Milenkovi\u0107 A.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5937\/IstrPed2401028M"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cae.22787"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315371658"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24093\/awej\/covid2.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e07523"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742\u20106596\/1663\/1\/012043"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","first-page":"203","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Scientific Conference \u201c\u2014\u201d","author":"Ran\u0111elovi\u0107 B. M.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-021-00592-x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","first-page":"337","article-title":"Issues in Distance Learning","volume":"1","author":"Sherry L.","year":"1995","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Telecommunications"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02680513.2021.1967115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app14062522"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Soft Computing for Security Applications","author":"Sivasakthi M.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0293065"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.1018005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci8010035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5937\/nasvas2003345V"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2023.3282278"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app151910642"}],"container-title":["Expert Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/exsy.70357","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/exsy.70357","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/exsy.70357","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T09:31:36Z","timestamp":1784194296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/exsy.70357"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/exsy.70357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/exsy.70357","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0266-4720","1468-0394"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0266-4720","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-0394","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70357"}}