{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T07:17:17Z","timestamp":1770967037847,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,11]],"date-time":"2008-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1205193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9780,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Bacteriology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Recently a heat stable toxin (ST) and the vw factors of the plague bacteria were identified in\n                    <jats:italic>Yersinia enterocolitica<\/jats:italic>\n                    recovered from human infections. The vw factors were reported to be associated with a plasmid of 42\u201046 M Daltons in size and were essential for the expression of virulence. With this knowledge virulence tests were developed which allowed us to assess the virulence potential of food\u2010borne\n                    <jats:italic>Y. enterocolitica<\/jats:italic>\n                    regardless of biotypes or serotypes. The tests evaluated were: (1) rapid presumptive test for the virulence plasmid; (2) gel electrophoretic confirmation of the virulence plasmid; (3) Laird's qualitative oral feeding test with thirst stressed mice; (4) quantitative LD\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    determination by i.p. injection of the mouse lethal (\n                    <jats:italic>i.e.<\/jats:italic>\n                    serotype 0:8) strains in saline; (5) quantitative LD\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    determination of mouse non\u2010lethal (\n                    <jats:italic>i.e.<\/jats:italic>\n                    serotype 0:3) strains by i.p. injection of these strains suspended in 1 ml of 10% iron dextran saline solution for virulence enhancement. These tests were evaluated with the serotypes 0:3 and 0:8 strains associated with human infections with and without the virulence plasmid with reproducible results. Then the virulence tests procedures were applied to 79 food isolates. The virulence plasmid was detected only in the Nilehn biotype 2, 3 and 4 strains, but it was absent in Nilehn biotype 1 or the atypical strains that ferment rhamnose. The virulence of food and clinical isolates of\n                    <jats:italic>Y. enterocolitica<\/jats:italic>\n                    can be assayed fairly accurately with the above tests.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1981.tb04255.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,11]],"date-time":"2008-03-11T11:39:35Z","timestamp":1205235575000},"page":"529-539","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Evaluation of Virulence Test Procedures for\n                    <i>Yersinia enterocolitica<\/i>\n                    Recovered from Foods"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"W. H.","family":"LEE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R. E.","family":"SMITH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"DAMAR\u00c9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. E.","family":"HARRIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R. W.","family":"JOHNSTON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-077X(75)80017-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"Pouvoir pathog\u00e8ne experimental de Yersinia enterocolitica chez la souris athymique (Nude)","volume":"126","author":"Alonso J. M.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Annales de Microbiologie (Institut Pasteur)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Infection experimentale de la souris par Yersinia enterocolitica (souche du chimiotype 4, du serogroupe 0:3, du lysotype VIII): devenir de l'inoculum chez des souris athymiques ou trait\u00e9es par le cyclophosphamide","volume":"129","author":"Alonso J. M.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Annales de Microbiologie (Institut Pasteur)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.39.1.135-140.1980","article-title":"Alkali method for the rapid recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from foods","volume":"37","author":"Aluisio C. C. G.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Investigations of the source and route of Yersinia enterocolitica infection","volume":"5","author":"Asakawa Y.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Contributions to Microbiology and Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"493","article-title":"Infection experimentale de souris axeniques par Yersinia enterocolitica","volume":"127","author":"Bercovier H.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Annales de Microbiologie (Institut Pasteur"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197801122980204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.7.6.562-567.1978","article-title":"Atypical Yersinia enterocolitica: clinical and epidemiological parameters","volume":"7","author":"Bottone E. J.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-26-2-180"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/117.5.403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.11.1.164-170.1975","article-title":"Pathogenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica for mice","volume":"11","author":"Carter P. B.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.28.2.638-640.1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"329","article-title":"Enterotoxin detection in Yersinia enterocolitica","volume":"5","author":"Feeley J. C.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Contributions to Microbiology and Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Statistical Method in Biological Assay","author":"Finney D. J.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.27.2.682-685.1980","article-title":"Plasmid associated with pathogenicity and calcium dependency of Yersinia enterocolitica","volume":"27","author":"Gemski P.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1977.tb14455.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.135.1.227-238.1978","article-title":"Isolation of large bacterial plasmids and characterization of the P2 incompatibility group plasmids pMG1 and pMG5","volume":"135","author":"Hansen J. B.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.24.2.545-551.1979","article-title":"Neisseria meningitidis infection in mice: influence of iron, variations in virulence among strains, and pathology","volume":"24","author":"Holbein B. E.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.11.4.430-432.1980","article-title":"Correlation of auto\u2010agglutination and virulence of Yersiniae","volume":"11","author":"Laird W. J.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/inf.1972.4.issue-2.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.33.1.215-216.1977","article-title":"Two plating media modified with Tween 80 for isolating Yersinia enterocolitica","volume":"33","author":"Lee W. H.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/m77-247"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"1599","article-title":"Nachweis von Yersinia enterocolitica in Faeces und Fleisch von Schweinen, Rindern und Gefl\u00fcgel","volume":"55","author":"Leistner L.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Die Fleischwirt-schaft"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-077X(76)80116-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"761","article-title":"Problems in the recovery and identification of Yersinia from food","volume":"61","author":"Mehlman I. J.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.28.1.292-294.1980","article-title":"Pathogenic properties of Yersinia enterocolitica","volume":"28","author":"Mors V.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"Studies for the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in clinically normal pigs [author's translation]","volume":"102","author":"Narucka U.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde"},{"issue":"206","key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Studies on Yersinia enterocolitica. With special reference to bacterial diagnoses and occurrence in human acute enteric disease","author":"Nilehn B.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.22.2.334-338.1978","article-title":"Prevalence of enterotoxigenicity in human and non\u2010human isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica","volume":"22","author":"Pai C. H.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.28.1.238-244.1980","article-title":"Experimental Yersinia enterocolitica enteritis in rabbits","volume":"28","author":"Pai C. H.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"253","article-title":"The occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica in the throats of swine","volume":"5","author":"Pedersen K. B.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Contributions to Microbiology and Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1979.tb02417.x","article-title":"Studies on the interaction between different O\u2010serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica and HeLa cells","volume":"87","author":"Pedersen K. B.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica, Section B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-42.12.974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/129.3.341"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/131.4.447"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Waterborne Yersinia enterocolitica in the midwest United States","volume":"5","author":"Saari T. 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A.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Allied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1979.tb00848.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","first-page":"1896","article-title":"Isolamento di Yersinia enterocolitica in Mitilus galloprovincialis lamk","volume":"44","author":"Spadaro M.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Bolletino della Societa Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"Piglet losses due to parenteral application of iron dextran preparations","volume":"26","author":"S\u00fcveges T.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Veterinaria Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","first-page":"477","article-title":"Survey on the incidence of Yersinia enterocolitica in the province of Ontario","volume":"64","author":"Toma S.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1977.tb00300.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-077X(76)80007-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","first-page":"611","article-title":"Pathogenicity of various Yersinia enterocolitica serotypes towards mice of Swiss and Balb\/C strains","volume":"26","author":"Zaremba M.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/283224a0"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Bacteriology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2672.1981.tb04255.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1981.tb04255.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T15:20:22Z","timestamp":1762183222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1981.tb04255.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,6]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1981.tb04255.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1981.tb04255.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8847"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8847","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,6]]}}}