{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T08:27:02Z","timestamp":1768984022460,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,29]],"date-time":"2005-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p> <jats:italic>Phytophthora ramorum<\/jats:italic> (causal agent of sudden oak death) is an emerging generalist pathogen in coastal forests of California and Oregon, USA, that causes lethal stem infections on oaks (<jats:italic>Quercus<\/jats:italic> spp.) and tanoak (<jats:italic>Lithocarpus densiflorus<\/jats:italic>) as well as non\u2010lethal foliar infections on a broad range of trees and shrubs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We studied <jats:italic>P. ramorum<\/jats:italic> over its known range in coastal redwood forests to determine forest compositional variables that are important to its epidemiology within the geographical area that it has already invaded. Redwood forests are dominated by coast redwood (<jats:italic>Sequoia sempervirens<\/jats:italic>), tanoak and California bay laurel (<jats:italic>Umbellularia californica<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>A total of 120 permanent plots (500\u00a0m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> each) were established in redwood forests at 12 sites within the main epidemic area in California. Over 5000 trees were mapped and examined for the presence of <jats:italic>P. ramorum<\/jats:italic> during spring 2002 and resampled in spring 2003.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Mean incidence of <jats:italic>P. ramorum<\/jats:italic> across all plots was 0.17\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.01 in 2002 and 0.24\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.02 in 2003. The highest infection levels by <jats:italic>P. ramorum<\/jats:italic> were found on California bay laurel (range 0.42\u20130.69) and tanoak (0.32\u20130.45). The highest levels of mortality were associated with tanoak and ranged from 0 to 66%, with 62.5% of that mortality associated with <jats:italic>P. ramorum<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Disease incidence above 30% was most often associated with bay laurel importance value. In plots with few bay laurel stems, high disease levels were associated with the presence of understorey tanoaks. Bay laurel and small tanoaks are thought to represent the main source of inoculum for further spread of <jats:italic>P. ramorum<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Differential host mortality due to this emerging generalist pathogen will exert considerable influence on redwood forest dynamics, with potentially dramatic shifts in forest composition and structure and subsequent cascading ecological and evolutionary effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2005.01031.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,8]],"date-time":"2005-09-08T11:28:04Z","timestamp":1126178884000},"page":"899-905","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Establishment of an emerging generalist pathogen in redwood forest communities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"P. E.","family":"MALONEY","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S. C.","family":"LYNCH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S. F.","family":"KANE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C. E.","family":"JENSEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D. M.","family":"RIZZO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5193(03)00044-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Direct Solar Radiation on Various Slopes From 0o to 60o North Latitude.","author":"Buffo J.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.py.20.090182.001043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5452.443"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"741","volume-title":"5th Symposium on California Oak Woodlands","author":"Davidson J.M.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidson J.M. Werres S. Garbelotto M. Hansen E.M.&Rizzo D.M.(2003)Sudden oak death and associated diseases caused byPhytophthora ramorum. Online.Plant Health Progress. doi: 10.1094\/PHP\u20102003\u20100707\u201001\u2010DG.","DOI":"10.1094\/PHP-2003-0707-01-DG"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-95-0587"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.40.021202.110417"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.38.1.515"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461-0248.2003.00501.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(98)01475-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2997261"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0953756204009827"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2002)083[3167:SOAIPO]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35038073"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"1001","article-title":"Landscape dynamics of the spread of sudden oak death","volume":"68","author":"Kelly N.M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS.2004.88.8.852"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1139\/z00-172","article-title":"The function of biodiversity in the ecology of vector\u2010borne diseases","volume":"78","author":"Ostfeld R.S.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2004.00778.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/1540-9295(2003)001[0197:SODECA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.42.040803.140418","article-title":"Phytophthora ramorum: integrative research and management of an emerging pathogen in California and Oregon forests","volume":"43","author":"Rizzo D.M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annual Review of Phytopathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","volume-title":"JMP Start Statistics: A Guide to Statistics and Data Analysis","author":"SAS Institute","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"39","volume-title":"The Redwood Forest: History, Ecology, and Conservation of the Coast Redwoods","author":"Sawyer J.O.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"787","volume-title":"5th Symposium on California Oak Woodlands","author":"Swiecki T.J.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.py.25.090187.001231"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1059026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","first-page":"679","volume-title":"Terrestrial Vegetation of California","author":"Zinke P.J.","year":"1988"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2745.2005.01031.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2005.01031.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T06:30:36Z","timestamp":1698733836000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2005.01031.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,29]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2005.01031.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2005.01031.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0477","1365-2745"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0477","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2745","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,29]]}}}