{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T06:10:01Z","timestamp":1762323001814},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,22]],"date-time":"2005-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1121990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We formulated a new colistin sulfate injectable solution and tested its effectiveness, toxicity and pharmacokinetics <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> on mice, rabbits, and piglets. When intramuscularly injected (i.m.) into rabbits at 0.5\u2003mL per site, the 2.5% colistin sulfate solution caused no reaction at the injection site, but the 5.0% solution caused the muscle circumference to appear erythematic. Tested LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> in CD\u20101 mice were 38.72\u2003mg\/kg for i.m. and 431.95\u2003mg\/kg for oral administration, respectively. At 15.0\u2003mg\/kg\/day (i.m.) for 5\u2003days, colistin sulfate caused obvious neurotoxicity to piglets with moderate granular degenerations in the epithelial tissues from kidney and liver. These toxic responses were not seen when colistin sulfate was injected at 10.0\u2003mg\/kg\/day for 5\u2003days. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> of 3.73\u2003\u00b1\u20030.28 and 6.40\u2003\u00b1\u20030.18\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/mL, <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> of 32\u2003\u00b1\u20031.5 and 34\u2003\u00b1\u20031.8\u2003min, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\/2<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> of 256\u2003\u00b1\u200314 and 264\u2003\u00b1\u200329\u2003min, and absolute bioavailability of 95.94 and 88.45% for colistin sulfate intramuscularly injected to piglets at 2.5 and 5.0\u2003mg\/kg, respectively. Serum colistin sulfate concentration followed a two\u2010compartment open model showing first\u2010order absorption. The high bioavailability and the long\u2010lasting serum retention time indicated that the new solution is suitable for i.m. in piglets with a recommended dose of 2.5\u2003mg\/kg injected twice daily.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2005.00666.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,22]],"date-time":"2005-07-22T17:37:40Z","timestamp":1122053860000},"page":"349-354","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Toxicity, bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of a newly formulated colistin sulfate solution"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"LIN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"ZHANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"X.","family":"XIAO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin(2000)Appendix XIA: microbiological assays for antibiotics."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"757","article-title":"Dynamics of binding and release of the polymyxin antibiotics by tissues","volume":"184","author":"Craig W.A.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.18426"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.5.1766-1770.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh167"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2004.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/379611"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"262","article-title":"The lectures of compound feed","volume":"1","author":"Liu B.J.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Edit of Editorial Board for Compound Feed"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2358"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1989.9694219"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(02)00033-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2885.2003.00495.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2004.00574.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.66.899"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"136","article-title":"Principles of pharmacology","author":"Warren R.G.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mosby's Fundamentals of Animal Health Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2003.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"An introduction to an improved method for colistin sulfate detection","volume":"3","author":"Wu P.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","first-page":"711","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of polymyxins","volume":"179","author":"Ziv G.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1982.tb00497.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2885.2005.00666.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2005.00666.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T03:53:50Z","timestamp":1696996430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2005.00666.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,22]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2005.00666.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2005.00666.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-7783","1365-2885"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-7783","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2885","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,22]]}}}