{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T17:19:59Z","timestamp":1761153599257},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,18]],"date-time":"2007-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1197936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4064,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>SUMMARY. <\/jats:bold> A reverse transcriptase\u2010polymerase chain reaction procedure (RT\u2010PCR) for the detection of hepatitis G virus (HGV) RNA was used to examine the prevalence of HGV infection and HGV\u2010related disease in Japan. Among 48 patients with acute non\u2010A, B, C, D, E (non\u2010A\u2010E) hepatitis (five transfusion\u2010associated cases and 43 sporadic cases), only one patient (2%), a transfusion recipient, was HGV RNA positive. Similarly, among 50 patients with established chronic non\u2010A\u2010E hepatitis, only two (4%) were positive for HGV RNA. These frequencies were not significantly different from those in 129 voluntary blood donors (0.8%). By contrast, HGV infection was relatively common among patients who were also infected with other hepatitis viruses. HGV co\u2010infection or superinfection was found in seven of 53 (13%) patients with acute hepatitis C, in 15 of 126 (12%) patients with chronic hepatitis C, in three of 21 (14%) patients with acute hepatitis B and in four of 81 (5%) patients with chronic hepatitis B. Among the 29 dually infected patients, 15 (52%) had a history of blood transfusion. HGV was also detected in seven (10%) of 69 haemodialysis patients, of whom only one had a dual infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and an elevated aminotransferase level. In conclusion: HGV RNA was found in only a low percentage of patients with either acute or chronic non\u2010A\u2010E hepatitis; HGV appears to co\u2010infect or superinfect in 10\u201315% of HCV infections and in 5\u201315% of HBV infections; the prevalence of HGV infection (0.8%) among voluntary blood donors in Japan is similar to that for HCV infection; a history of blood transfusion was obtained in 22 (55%) of the total 40 HGV\u2010positive subjects; and isolated HGV infection appears to have a low disease burden.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.1996.tb00103.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,19]],"date-time":"2007-12-19T07:54:18Z","timestamp":1198050858000},"page":"307-316","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Prevalence and disease association of hepatitis G virus infection in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Y.","family":"Nakatsuji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Wai\u2010Kuo","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Kiyosawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Wages","family":"Jr.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. P.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. 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