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We investigated GFCs in common frog (<jats:italic>Rana temporaria<\/jats:italic>) tadpoles reared under different temperatures and feeding regimes in four replicate populations. Genetic variability in eight microsatellite loci in 238 parents was used to estimate heterozygosity (<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>) and mean expected<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>in 158\u2010sibships (4515 offspring). Generalized linear mixed model analyses of offspring fitness traits (survival to metamorphosis, developmental and growth rate) revealed that offspring survival probability was positively correlated with<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>, and that relationships were similar in all four populations tested. However, significant interaction between other genetic variability measures (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, relatedness) and treatment conditions indicated that GFCs were detectable in some, but not in all environments. Interestingly, GFCs between survival and both heterozygosity and relatedness were most pronounced in stressful environments (i.e. limited food). Developmental and growth rates were significantly associated with<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>but less with<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>and relatedness. Furthermore, many of these GFCs were population\u2010specific. These results suggest \u2014 in line with the contention that expression of inbreeding depression can be environment dependent \u2014 that GFCs can also be highly sensitive to the environmental conditions under which they are measured. The results further suggest that the observed positive correlation between<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>and survival probability is likely to be explainable by the \u2018general\u2019, rather than by the \u2018local\u2019 or \u2018direct\u2019 effect hypotheses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294x.2004.02394.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,7]],"date-time":"2005-01-07T14:11:04Z","timestamp":1105107064000},"page":"311-323","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Environmental and population dependency of genetic variability\u2010fitness correlations in<i>Rana temporaria<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"DAVID","family":"LESBARR\u00c8RES","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"CRAIG 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