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Using electron microscopy and image analysis, we have characterized crystalline fragments from the exosporium of <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>B.\u2003thuringiensis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B.\u2003anthracis<\/jats:italic> strains and identified up to three distinct crystal types. Type I and type II crystals were examined in three dimensions and shown to form arrays of interlinked crown\u2010like structures each enclosing a cavity \u223c26\u201334\u2003\u00c5 deep with threefold symmetry. The arrays appear to be permeated by tunnels allowing access from one surface to the other, possibly indicating that the exosporium forms a semi\u2010permeable barrier. The pore size of \u223c23\u201334\u2003\u00c5 would allow passage of the endospore germinants, alanine or inosine but not degradative enzymes or antibodies. Thus the structures appear compatible with a protective role for the exosporium. Furthermore the outermost crystalline layer must act as a scaffold for binding the BclA protein that contributes to the \u2018hairy nap\u2019 layer. The array of crowns may also act as a matrix for the binding or adsorption of other proteins that have been identified in the exosporium such as GroEL, immune inhibitor A and arginase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06206.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,9]],"date-time":"2008-04-09T19:45:32Z","timestamp":1207770332000},"page":"947-958","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Structure of the exosporium and sublayers of spores of the <i>Bacillus cereus<\/i> family revealed by electron crystallography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"David A.","family":"Ball","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sarah 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