{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:36:49Z","timestamp":1777426609568,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Clonally variant gene expression is a common survival strategy used by many pathogens, including the malaria parasite\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Among the genes that show variant expression in this parasite are several members of small gene families linked to erythrocyte invasion, including the\n                    <jats:italic>clag<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>eba<\/jats:italic>\n                    families. The active or repressed state of these genes is clonally transmitted by epigenetic mechanisms. Here we characterized the promoters of\n                    <jats:italic>clag3.1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>clag3.2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>eba\u2010140<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and compared nuclease accessibility and post\u2010translational histone modifications between their active and repressed states. Activity of these promoters in an episomal context is similar between parasite subclones characterized by different patterns of expression of the endogenous genes. Variant expression is controlled by the euchromatic or heterochromatic state of bistable chromatin domains. Repression is mediated by H3K9me3\u2010based heterochromatin, whereas the active state is characterized by H3K9ac. These marks are maintained throughout the asexual blood cycle to transmit the epigenetic memory. Furthermore,\n                    <jats:italic>eba\u2010140<\/jats:italic>\n                    is organized in two distinct chromatin domains, probably separated by a barrier insulator located within its ORF. The 5\u2032 chromatin domain controls expression of the gene, whereas the 3\u2032 domain shares the chromatin conformation with the upstream region of the neighbouring\n                    <jats:italic>phista<\/jats:italic>\n                    family gene, which also shows variant expression.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07574.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,9]],"date-time":"2011-02-09T20:11:33Z","timestamp":1297282293000},"page":"391-406","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Heterochromatin formation in bistable chromatin domains controls the epigenetic repression of clonally variant\n                    <i>Plasmodium falciparum<\/i>\n                    genes linked to erythrocyte invasion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Valerie M.","family":"Crowley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N\u00faria","family":"Rovira\u2010Graells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Llu\u00eds Ribas","family":"de Pouplana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Cort\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000256"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)01023-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki709"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0000005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001165"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.032608.103928"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04388.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2008.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-06-2136"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.2218604"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"263","article-title":"Transfection 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