{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T17:44:49Z","timestamp":1761155089652},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,9]],"date-time":"2007-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5455,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Summary<\/jats:bold> The natural infection of a community with the hookworm <jats:italic>Necator americanus<\/jats:italic> induces a vigorous humoral response to both larval and adult parasite antigens. This response occurs in all five human antibody isotypes, and data are presented to show that, at the population level, isotypes respond differently, following chemotherapy and during reinfection, to changes in antigen stimulation. The differential response probably reflects the fact that the parasite, during the course of its life cycle, presents different amounts of antigens at different anatomical locations. It is suggested that IgG and IgM responses against adult excretory\u2010secretory (ES) products most accurately reflect the efficacy of chemotherapy, and the load of resident adult infection, while IgG responses against larval somatic antigens reflect continuous exposure to infection. These hypotheses should now be tested, at the level of the individual, in a longitudinal manner using more closely spaced sampling intervals. This repetitive sampling, and the inclusion of a measure of the exposure of the population to infective stages, will allow more definitive conclusions to be made about the role of the immune response in controlling worm burdens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1992.tb00034.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,9]],"date-time":"2007-10-09T14:31:39Z","timestamp":1191940299000},"page":"617-631","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Isotypic variation in antibody responses in a community in Papua New Guinea to larval and adult antigens during infection, and following reinfection, with the hookworm <i>Necator americanus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"D.I.","family":"PRITCHARD","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.A.","family":"WALSH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.J.","family":"QUINELL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"ANDREW","family":"RAIKO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"EDMONDS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.E.","family":"KEYMER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(69)90011-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"545","article-title":"Serum IgE concentrations in relation to antihelminthic treatment in a Javanese population with hookworm","volume":"13","author":"Biroum Noerjasin","year":"1973","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(86)90007-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1987.tb00502.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.26.4.739-742.1988","article-title":"Role of specific immunoglobulin E to excretory secretory antigen in diagnosis and prognosis of hookworm infection","volume":"26","author":"Ganguly N.K.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(81)90148-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"508","article-title":"In vitro immobilization of Ancylostoma duodenale infective larvae in immune serum","volume":"54","author":"Hamdy E.I.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"The Science of Self\u2010Non Self Discrimination","author":"Klein J.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(89)90025-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"531","article-title":"Serum and intestinal immunoglobulins in patients of ancylostomiasis","volume":"71","author":"Kumar N.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"The detection of antibodies to hookworm larvae in patients by immunofluorescence. A preliminary report","volume":"7","author":"Lewis E.A.","year":"1978","journal-title":"African Journal of Medical Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00224.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"McKeanP.G.(1989)Analysis of the antigens of the human hookwormNecator americanus.Unpublished PhD thesis University of Nottingham."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Advanced Immunology","author":"Male D.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1987.37.126"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1974.23.895","article-title":"Arrested development in Ancylostoma duodenale: course of a self\u2010induced infection in man","volume":"23","author":"Nawalinski T.A.","year":"1974","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(78)90303-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"340","volume-title":"Hookworm Disease: Current Status and New Directions","author":"Pritchard D.I.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000061333"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(90)90042-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(91)90038-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(91)90239-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","article-title":"Reinfection with hookworm after chemotherapy in Papua New Guinea","author":"Quinnell R.J.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Panel into Nuclear Techniques in Helminthological Research","author":"Schad G.A.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(85)90316-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/214609b0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(85)90061-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(91)90149-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Hookworm Disease: Current Status and New Directions","author":"Warren K.S.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Low\u2010level infection with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis induces significant and sustained specific and nonspecific IgE antibody responses in rats","volume":"75","author":"Yamada M.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunology"}],"container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3024.1992.tb00034.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1992.tb00034.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T11:15:08Z","timestamp":1698059708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1992.tb00034.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,11]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1992.tb00034.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1992.tb00034.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-9838","1365-3024"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-9838","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3024","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,11]]}}}