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Since monokines play an Important role in the regulation of fibroplasia, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b2) were assessed in sera and cell culture supernatants from patients with intestinal and hepatosplenic schistosomiasis before and 3\u20106 months after treatment with praziquantel. Uninfected controls were from the study area in Alagoas, Brazil. TNF was measured using an L\u2010M mouse fibroblast bioassay and radioimmunoassays specific for TNF\u2010\u03b1. Whereas TNF\u2010\u03b1 was elevated three fold in the patients' sera, three\u2010to five\u2010fold reductions of TNF were observed by radioimmunoassay and bioassay, respectively, in cell culture supernatants of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis patients. Significant deviations, in opposite directions, from TNF levels in control sera and supernatants are most plausible in the event of a sequestration of TNF\u03b1\u2010producing cells from the circulation. This process may be disease stage\u2010specific since a dichotomy between incipient and advanced cases of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis became apparent in the amplitude and kinetics of changes during the follow\u2010up after treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1990.tb02761.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,30]],"date-time":"2006-06-30T21:47:49Z","timestamp":1151704069000},"page":"205-211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Tumour Necrosis Factor in Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"ZWINGENBERGER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"IRSCHICK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. G. 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